Abstract
Gram-negative gliding bacteria that form helical, multicellular filaments are grouped in the genus Saprospira (Fig. 1). All known species live in aquatic environments. They are moderately common but relatively difficult to isolate, and therefore have not been studied very well, although some of them can be cultivated without problems. Relatively little has been added to our knowledge of Saprospira since the first edition of The Prokaryotes (Reichenbach and Dworkin, 1981).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature Cited
Aasen, A. J., and S. Liaaen-Jensen. 1966a. The carotenoids of flexibacteria II. A new xanthophyll from Saprospira grandis. Acta Chem. Scand. 20: 811–819.
Aasen, A. J., and S. Liaaen-Jensen. 1966b. Carotenoids of flexibacteria IV. The carotenoids of two further pigment types. Acta Chem. Scand. 20: 2322–2324.
Ashton, P. J., and R. D. Robarts. 1987. Apparent predation of Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz. emend. Elenkin by a Saprospira-like bacterium in a hypertrophic lake (Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa). J. Limnol. Soc. South Afr. 13: 44–47.
Baechler, C. A., and R. S. Berk. 1972. Ultrastructural observations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Rhapsidosomes. Microstructures 3: 24–31.
Brunel, J. 1949. Achroonema spiroideum Skuja 1948, of the Trichobacteriales, discovered simultaneously in Sweden and in Canada. Contrib. Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 64: 21–27.
Colwell, R. R. 1969. Numerical taxonomy of the flexibacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 58: 207–215.
Correll, D. L. 1968. Rhapidosomes: 2’-O-methylated ribonucleoproteins. Science 161: 372–373.
Correll, D. L., and R. A. Lewin. 1964. Rod-shaped ribonucleoprotein particles from Saprospira. Can. J. Microbiol. 10: 63–74.
Cyrus, Z., and A. Sladkâ. 1970. Several interesting organisms present in activated sludge. Hydrobiologia 35: 383–396.
Dawson, R. M. C., D. C. Elliott, W. H. Elliott, and K. M. Jones (ed.) 1972. Data for biochemical research, p. 508. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Delk, A. S., and C. A. Dekker. 1969. Rhapidosomes: Absence of a highly 2’-O-methylated RNA component. Science 166: 1646–1647.
Delk, A. S., and C. A. Dekker. 1972. Characterization of rhapidosomes of Saprospira grandis. J. Mol. Biol. 64: 287–295.
Dietrich, W. E., and J. Biggins. 1971. Respiratory mechanisms in the Flexibacteriaceae: Terminal oxidase systems of Saprospira grandis and Vitreoscilla species. J. Bacteriol. 105: 1083–1089.
Dimitroff, V. T. 1926. Spirochetes in Baltimore market oysters. J. Bacteriol. 12: 135–177.
Dobell, C. 1912. Researches on the spirochaets and related organisms. Arch. Protistenk. 26: 117–240.
Dyar, M. T. 1947. Isolation and cytological study of a free-living spirochete. J. Bacteriol. 54: 483–493.
Fager, E. W. 1969. Recurrent group analysis in the classification of flexibacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 58: 179–187.
Ferry, J. G., P. H. Smith, and R. S. Wolfe. 1974. Methanospirillum, a new genus of methanogenic bacteria, and characterization of Methanospirillum hungatii sp. nov. Internat. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 24: 465–469.
Fox, D. L., and R. A. Lewin. 1963. A preliminary study of the carotenoids of some flexibacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 9: 753–768.
Gross, J. 1911. Über freilebende Spironemaceen. Mitt. Zool. Stat. Neapel 20: 188–203.
Gross, J. 1912. Über Systematik, Struktur und Fortpflanzung der Spironemacea. Zbl. Bakteriol. 1. Abt. Orig. 65: 83–98.
Jarosch, R. 1967. Studien zur Bewegungsmechanik der Bakterien und Spirochäten des Hochmoors. Osten. Bot. Zschr. 114: 255–306.
Kolkwitz, R. 1909. Kryptogamenflora der Mark Brandenburg, Band V, p. 137. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Leipzig.
Lewin, R. A. 1962. Saprospira grandis Gross; and suggestions for reclassifying helical, apochlorotic, gliding organisms. Can. J. Microbiol. 8: 555–563.
Lewin, R. A. 1963. Rod-shaped particles in Saprospira. Nature 198: 103–104.
Lewin, R. A. 1965a. Isolation and some physical features of Saprospira thermales. Can. J. Microbiol. 11: 77–86.
Lewin, R. A. 1965b. Freshwater species of Saprospira. Can. J. Microbiol. 11: 135–139.
Lewin, R. A. 1969. A classification of flexibacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 58: 189–206.
Lewin, R. A. 1972. Growth and nutrition of Saprospira grandis Gross (Flexibacterales). Can. J. Microbiol. 18: 361–365.
Lewin, R. A., and J. Kiethe. 1965. Formation of rhapidosomes in Saprospira. Can. J. Microbiol. 11: 935–938.
Lewin, R. A., and D. M. Lounsbery. 1969. Isolation, cultivation and characterization of flexibacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 58: 145–170.
Lewin, R. A., and M. Mandel. 1970. Saprospira toviformis nov. spec. (Flexibacterales) from a New Zealand seashore. Can. J. Microbiol. 16: 507–510.
Lewin, R. A., D. M. Crothers, D. L. Correll, and B. E. Rei-mann. 1964. A phage infecting Saprospira grandis. Can. J. Microbiol. 10: 75–85.
Mandel, M., and R. A. Lewin. 1969. Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of flexibacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 58: 171–178.
Pate, J. L., J. L. Johnson, and E. J. Ordal. 1967. The fine structure of Chondrococcus columnaris. II. Structure and formation of rhapidosomes. J. Cell. Biol. 35: 1535.
Paster, B. J., W. G. Weisburg, E. Stackebrandt, R. B. Hespell, C. M. Hahn, H. Reichenbach, K. O. Stetter, and C. R. Woese. 1985. A phylogenetic grouping of the bacteroides, cytophagas and certain flavobacteria. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 6: 34–42.
Price, A. R., and F. Rottman. 1970. Nucleic acids from Saprospira grandis: The absence of 2’-O-methylated RNA. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 199: 288–291.
Pringsheim, E. G. 1963. Farblose Algen, p. 111. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
Reichenbach, H. 1967. Die wahre Natur der Myxobakter- ien-“Rhapidosomen.” Arch. Mikrobiol. 56: 371–383.
Reichenbach, H. 1980. Saprospira grandis (Leucotrichales). Growth and movement. Publik. Wiss. Film, Sekt. Biol., Ser. 13, Nr. 26: 1–21.
Reichenbach, H. 1989. Genus Saprospira Gross 1911, 202, p. 2077–2082. In: J. T. Staley, M. P. Bryant, N. Pfennig, and J. G. Holt (ed.), Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 3. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.
Reichenbach, H. and M. Dworkin. 1981. The order Cytophagales (with addenda on the genera Herpetosiphon, Saprospira, and Flexithrix), p. 356–379. In: M. P. Starr, H. Stolp, H. G. Trüper, A. Balows, and H. G. Schlegel (ed.), The prokaryotes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Reichenbach, H., H. K. Galle, and H. H. Heunert. 1975/1976. Saprospira grandis (Leucotrichales). Wachstum und Bewegung. Enzyclopaedia Cinematographica E 2424, film* of the Institut fir den wissenschaftlichen Film, Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany.
Reichenbach, H., W. Ludwig, and E. Stackebrandt. 1986. Lack of relationship between gliding cyanobacteria and filamentous gliding heterotrophic eubacteria: Comparison of 16S rRNA catalogues of Spirulina, Saprospira, Vitreoscilla, Leucothrix, and Herpetosiphon. Arch. Microbiol. 145: 391–395.
Reichle, R. E., and R. A. Lewin. 1968. Purification and structure of rhapidosomes. Can. J. Microbiol. 14: 211–213.
Sanfilippo, A., and R. A. Lewin. 1970. Preservation of viable flexibacteria at low temperatures. Can. J. Microbiol. 16: 441–444.
Skuja, H. 1948. Taxonomie des Phytoplanktons einiger Seen in Uppland, Schweden. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 9: 1–399.
Sladkâ, A., and V. Ottovâ. 1973. Filamentous organisms in activated sludge. Hydrobiologia 43: 285–299.
Soriano, S. 1945. Un nuovo orden de bacterias: Flexibacteriales. Ciencia e Investigacion 1: 92–93.
van Tieghem, P. 1880. Observations sur les Bacteriacées vertes, sur des Phycochromacées blanches, et sur les affinités de ces deux familles. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 27: 174–179.
Warming, E. 1875. Om nogle ved Danmarks Kyster levende Bakterier. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske Forening i Kjöbenhaven for Aaret 1875: 307–420.
Webster, D. A., and D. P. Hackett. 1966. Respiratory chain of colorless algae II. Cyanophyta. Plant Physiol. 41: 599–605.
Willard, J. M., and M. Gibbs. 1968. Purification and characterization of the fructose diphosphate aldolases from Anacystis nidulans and Saprospira thermalis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 151: 438–448.
Yamamoto, T. 1967. Presence of rhapidosomes in various species of bacteria and their morphological characteristics. J. Bacteriol. 94: 1746–1756.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reichenbach, H. (1992). The Genus Saprospira . In: Balows, A., Trüper, H.G., Dworkin, M., Harder, W., Schleifer, KH. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2191-1_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2191-1_38
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-2193-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2191-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive