Abstract
With the advances of microfabrication techniques in recent years it has become possible to fabricate tunnel junctions of increasingly smaller dimensions and thereby decreasing capacitance C. Nowadays one can study tunnel junctions in a regime where the charging energy E c = e2/2C is larger than the thermal energy k B T. Then charging effects play an important role and this has been the subject of a by now large body of both theoretical and experimental work.
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Ingold, GL., Nazarov, Y.V. (1992). Charge Tunneling Rates in Ultrasmall Junctions. In: Grabert, H., Devoret, M.H. (eds) Single Charge Tunneling. NATO ASI Series, vol 294. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2166-9_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2166-9_2
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