Abstract
The ability to respond and accommodate appropriately to a defocused and perceptually blurred target requires one to be able to discriminate changes in overall contrast and edge sharpness (Fry., 1955; Fujii et al, 1970; Hamerly and Dvorak, 1981; Watt and Morgan, 1983; Ciuffreda and Rumpf, 1985; Ciuf-freda et al., 1987) as well as other attributes (such as chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, etc.) of the retinal image (Fry., 1955; Campbell and West-heimer, 1959; Fujii et al., 1970). Inability to do so would adversely affect accommodative accuracy and quality of the retinal image (Fry., 1955; Fujii et al., 1970; Ciuffreda and Rumpf, 1985). This, in turn, could impair one’s visual resolution and visual efficiencY., perhaps even leading to general visual discomfort. Such results might be predicted to be found, and indeed exaggerated, in amblyopic eyes in which overall reduced sensitivity is the norm (Schapero, 1971; Ciuffreda et al., 1991).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bradley, A., and Freeman, R., 1981, Contrast sensitivity in anisometropia amblyopia, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 21:467–476.
Bradley, A., and Ohzawa, I., 1986, A comparison of contrast detection and discrimination, Vision Res. 26:991–997.
Brock, F. W., and Givner, I., 1952, Fixation anomalies in amblyopia, Arch. Ophthalmol. 47:775–786.
Burian, H. M., and von Noorden, G. K., 1974, Binocular Vision and Ocular MotilitY., C. V. Mosby., St. Louis.
Campbell, F. W., 1957, The depth of field of the human eye, Optica Acta 4:157–164.
Campbell, F. W., and Westheimer, G., 1959, Factors influencing accommodation responses of the human eye, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 49:568–571.
Campbell, F. W., and Kulikowski, J. J., 1972, The visual evoked potential as a function of contrast of a grating pattern, J. Physiol. (Lond.) 222:345–356.
Ciuflfreda, K. J., and Fisher, S. K., 1987, Impairment of contrast discrimination in amblyopic eyes, Ophthalmic. Physiol. Opt. 7:461–467.
Ciuflfreda, K. J., and Kenyon, R. V., 1983, Accommodative vergence and accommodation in normals, amblyopes and strabismics, in: Vergence Eye Movements: Basic and Clinical Aspects (C. M. Schor and K. J. Ciuflfreda, eds.), Butterworth, Boston, pp. 101–173.
Ciuflfreda, K. J., and Rumpf, D., 1985, Contrast and accommodation in amblyopia, Vision Res. 25:1445–1457.
Ciuflfreda, K. J., Kenyon, R. V., and Stark, L., 1979, Saccadic intrusions in strabismus, Arch. Ophthalmol. 97:1673–1679.
Ciuflfreda, K. J., Kenyon, R. V., and Stark, L., 1980, Increased drift in amblyopic eyes, Br. J. Ophthalmol. 64:7–14.
Ciuflfreda, K. J., Hokoda, S. C., Hung, G. K., and Semmlow, J. L., 1984, Accommodative stimulus/response function in human amblyopia, Doc. Ophthalmol. 56:303–326.
Ciuflfreda, K. J., Dul, M., and Fisher, S. K., 1987, Higher-order spatial frequency contribution to accommodative accuracy in normal and amblyopic observers, Clin. Vis. Sci. 1:219–229.
Ciuflfreda, K. J., Levi, D. L., and Selenow, A., 1991, Amblyopia: Basic and Clinical Aspects, Butterworth, Boston.
Duke-Elder, S., and Abrams, D., 1970, System of OphthalmologY., Vol. 5, Ophthalmic Optics and Refraction, C. V. Mosby., St. Louis.
Fincham, E. F., 1951, The accommodation reflex and its stimulus, Br. J. Ophthalmol. 35:381–393.
Fry, G. A., 1955, Blur of the Retinal Image, Ohio State University Press, Columbus.
Fujii, K., Kondo, K., and Kasai, T., 1970, An analysis of the human eye accommodation system, Osaka Univ. Tech. Rep. 20:221–236.
Hamerly, J. R., and Dvorak, C. A., 1981, Detection and discrimination of blur in edges and lines, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 71:448–452.
Hartinger, H., 1951, Uber ein neues Refraktometer, in: 57th Meeting Deutsch Optisch Gasellschaft, Munich, pp. 105–108.
Hess, R. F., Bradley, A., and Piotrowski, L., 1983, Contrast coding in amblyopia I. Differences in the neural basis of human amblyopia, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. [Biol] 217:309–330.
Hung, G. K., Ciuflfreda, K. J., Semmlow, J. L., and Hokoda, S. C., 1983, Model of static accommodative behavior in human amblyopia, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 30:665–672.
Krumholz, D. M., Fox, R. S., and Ciuflfreda, K. J., 1986, Short-term changes in tonic accommodation, Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 27:555–557.
Lawwill, T., 1968, Local adaptation in functional amblyopia, Am. J. Ophthalmol. 65:903–906.
Legge, G. E., and Kersten, D., 1987, Contrast discrimination in peripheral vision, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 4:1594–1598.
Legge, G. E., Mullen, K. T., Woo, G. C., and Campbell, F. W., 1987, Tolerance to visual defocus, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 4:851–863.
Phillips, S. R., 1974, Ocular Neurological Control Systems: Accommodation and the Near Response Triad, Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
Ronchi, L., and Molesini, G., 1975, Depth of focus in peripheral vision, Ophthalmic. Res. 7:152–157.
Schapero, M., 1971, Amblyopia, Chilton, New York.
Stephens, B. R., and Banks, M. S., 1987, Contrast discrimination in human infants, J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 13:558–565.
Watt, R. J., and Morgan, M. J., 1983, The recognition and representation of edge blur: Evidence for spatial primitives in human vision, Vision Res. 23:1465–1477.
Wetherill, G. B., and Levitt, H., 1965, Sequential estimation of points on a psychometric function, Br. J. Math. Stat. Psychol. 18:1–10.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ciuffreda, K.J. (1991). Discrimination of Blur in Normal and Amblyopic Eyes. In: Obrecht, G., Stark, L.W. (eds) Presbyopia Research. Perspectives in Vision Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2131-7_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2131-7_25
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3217-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2131-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive