Abstract
In the depot fat of both marine and terrestrial animals, the relative percent distribution of the major fatty acids at the three positions of the glycerol backbone are not the same. Interestingly, studies have revealed that the polyenoic omega-3 fatty acids in marine mammalian blubber and fish oils are distributed differently. In marine mammalian blubber, the polyenoic omega-3 fatty acids are located on the outer positions of the molecule, i.e. the 1- and 3-positions. In fish oils, the polyenoic omega-3 fatty acids are located almost exclusively in the 2-position.
Because most marine mammals eat either fish or plankton (killer whales, polar bears and leopard seals being exceptions), we were interested in determining if the fat of marine mammalian milk contained triacylglycerol molecules (TG) with the polyenoic fatty acids distributed as in fish oil or as in the blubber of the lactating female. In our studies, we have obtained data on the milk fat of two species of pinnipeds, the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) and the antartic fur seal (Artocephalus gazelle). These data demonstrate that the polyenoic omega-3 fatty acids together with the long chain monoenoic fatty acids are located on the 1- and 3-positions.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Puppione D.L., A.V.Nichols (1970) Characterization of the chemical and physical properties of the serum lipoproteins of certain marine mammals. Physiol.Chem.Physics 2, 49
Puppione D.L., T.Forte, A.V.Nichols (1970) Partial characterization of serum lipoproteins in the density interval 1.04–1.06 gm/ml. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 202, 392
Puppione D.L., T.Forte, A.V.Nichols (1971) Serum lipoproteins of killer whales. Comp.Biochem.Physiol. 39, 673
Puppione D.L. (1978) Serum lipoproteins in two species of phocids (Phoca vitulina and Mirounga angustirostris) during alimentary lipemia. Comp.Biochem.Physiol. 59B, 239
Puppione D.L. (1982) Marine mammalian lipoproteins, in “Handbook of electrophoresis. Lipoprotein studies of nonhuman species”, vol. IV, L.Lewis and H.Naito eds., Chemical Rubber Co., Boca Raton, FL, pp. 79–100
Puppione D.L., L.Corash, S.T.Kunitake, D.L.Smith, D.P.Costa (1987) Pinnipeds: animal models for studying the effects of dietary fats on lipoproteins and platelets, in “Polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids”, W.E.M. Lands ed., American Oil Chemist Publication, Champaign, IL, pp. 352–357
Brocherhoff H., R.G.Ackman, R.J.Hoyle (1963) Specific distribution of fatty acids in marine lipids. Archives Biochem.Biophys. 100, 9
Ackman R.G. (1988) Some possible effects on lipid biochemistry of differences in the distribution on glycerol of long chain n-3 fatty acids in the fats of marine fish and marine mammals. Atherosclerosis 70, 171
Costa D.P., B.J.LeBoeuf, A.C.Huntley, C.L.Ortiz (1986) The energetics of lactation in the Northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris. J.Zool. London (A) 209, 21
Metcalfe L.D., A.A.Schmitz, J.R.Pelka (1966) Rapid preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids fro gas chromatographic analysis. Anal.Chem. 38, 514
Mattson F.H., R.A.Volpenhein (1961) The use of pancreatic lipase for determining the distribution of fatty acids in partial and complete glycerides. J.Lipid Res. 2, 58
LeBoeuf B.J., D.P.Costa, A.C.Huntley, S.D.Feldkamp (1988) Continuous, deep diving in female northen elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris. Can.J.Zool. 66, 446
Mattson F.H., R.A.Volpenhein (1964) The digestion and absorption of triglycerides. J.Biol.Chem. 239, 2772
Nilsson-Ehle P., T.Egelrud, P.Belfrage, T.Olivecrona, B.Borgstrom (1973) Positional specificity of purified milk lipa se. J.Biol. Chem. 248, 6734
Morley N.H., A.Kuksis, D.Buchnea, J.J.Myher (1975) Hydrolysis of diacylglycerols by lipoprotein lipase. J.Biol.Chem. 250, 3414
Redgrave T.G., D.R.Kodali, D.M.Small (1988) The effect of triacylsn-glycerol structure on the metabolism of chylomicrons and triacyl= glycerol-rich emulsions in the rat. J.Biol.Chem. 263, 5118.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Puppione, D.L., Jandacek, R.J., Kunitake, S.T., Costa, D.P. (1989). Marine Mammals: Animal Models for Studying the Digestion and Transport of Dietary Fats Enriched in w-3 Fatty Acids. Positional Analyses of Milk Fat Triacylglycerol Molecules. In: Galli, C., Simopoulos, A.P. (eds) Dietary ω3 and ω6 Fatty Acids. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2043-3_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2043-3_33
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-2045-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-2043-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive