Abstract
Upper urothelial carcinoma (UUC) in analgesic abusers has been closely associated with renal papillary necrosis (RPN) since it was first reported (1). UUC has only rarely been induced in animals using analgesics (2), thus a “cause-and-effect” relationship has not been established (3). The underlying mechanism of RPN is not fully understood and animal models of analgesic-induced lesion are difficult to study because of the:—
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i)
long latent induction time of the lesion using analgesics
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ii)
large biological variation in extent of the lesion, and
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iii)
extra-renal toxicity e.g. gastric ulceration and perforation associated with the prolonged inappropriately high non-clinical doses of analgesics.
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Gregg, N.J., Ijomah, P., Courtauld, E.A., Bach, P.H. (1989). Upper Urothelial Carcinoma, Using N-Butyl-N-(4-Hydroxybutyl)-Nitrosamine and an Acute Papillary Necrosis. In: Bach, P.H., Lock, E.A. (eds) Nephrotoxicity. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2040-2_64
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2040-2_64
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