In alpine areas numerous saprophytic or mycorrhizal Agaricales are associated with a pioneer Rosaceae: Dryas octopetala. Ecophysiological studies of the relation between mycorrhizal fungi and Dryas revealed influences of some biological and/or physical factors on fungal fruiting and their probable distribution.
Results concerning soil temperature influence on in situ fruiting of Clitocybe spp. show that:
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fruiting is induced by the drop of maximal litter temperature if the drop is greater than or equal to 4°C.
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full sporocarp development occurs only after this drop when the maximal temperature is between 13° and 20° and the minimal temperature is between 4° and 9°C. If temperature drops are below these limits, the development is delayed.
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mycelia survive low winter temperature.
It seems that temperature is probably the most important factor for the distribution of these Clitocybe species in alpine areas. Their occurrence in the Dryas octopetala community is probably best explained by other influencing factors; i.e., litter chemical composition.
Synthetic Mycorrhizae synthesized between alpine Hebeloma species and Dryas octopetala permitted laboratory fruiting of these fungi, which was not the case with other attempts at synthesis with Pinus spp., a non-host of these fungi. The ecological significance of mycorrhizal synthesis that allows fruiting is discussed as is the importance of nutrients and storage in the mantle and Hartig net for rapid sporocarp formation.
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Debaud, J.C. (1987). Ecophysiological Studies on Alpine Macromycetes: Saprophytic Clitocybe and Mycorrhizal Hebeloma Associated with Dryas Octopetala . In: Laursen, G.A., Ammirati, J.F., Redhead, S.A. (eds) Arctic and Alpine Mycology II. Environmental Science Research, vol 34. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1939-0_4
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