Renal Physiology pp 214-239 | Cite as
Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion: Classification Based on Overall Clearance Measurements
Abstract
In the preceding chapter we analyzed the sequential processing of the filtrate and the mechanisms of tubular transport of major electrolytes and water along the various segments of the nephron. That analysis was largely based on successful application of in-vivo micropuncture, in-vitro microperfusion, and electrophysiological techniques at the level of a single nephron. However, such techniques have been used to delineate the sequential processing of only a limited number of substances. To ascertain the renal handling of those solutes (mostly nonelectrolytes) for which micropuncture data are scarce or as yet not available, we must resort to the standard overall clearance technique. Therefore, in this chapter, we expand on the materials presented in Chapter 7 and consider in more detail the overall (as opposed to sequential) processing of the major nonelectroyte constituents of the filtrate, using the standard clearance measurements. From such information we can determine the net tubular transport of a substance by the kidney as well as classify the type of cellular transport process involved.
Keywords
Uric Acid Glomerular Filtration Rate Proximal Tubule Titration Curve Plasma Glucose ConcentrationPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.Agus ZS, Puschett JB, Senesky D, Goldberg M: Mode of action of cyclic adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate on renal tubular phosphate reabsorption in the dog. J Clin Invest 1971; 50: 617–626.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.Anderson J: A method for estimating Tm for phosphate in man. J Physiol (Lond) 1955; 130: 268–277.Google Scholar
- 3.Aurbach GD, Potts JT Jr: Parathyroid hormone. Am J Med 1967; 42: 1–8.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.von Baeyer H, Haeberle DA, van Liew JB, Hare D: Glomerular tubular balance of renal D-glucose transport during hyperglycemia. Clearance and micro-puncture studies on its characteristics at saturated transport conditions. Pfluegers Arch 1980; 384: 39–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.Baines AD, Gottschalk CW, Lassiter WE: Microinjection study of p-aminohippurate excretion by rat kidneys. Am J Physiol 1968; 214: 703–709.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 6.Baruch SB, Burich RL, Eun CE, King VF: Renal metabolism of citrate. Med Clin North Am 1975; 59: 569–582.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 7.Bellin SA, Hefting DC, Cramer JW, et al: The effect of vitamin D on urinary citrate in relation to calcium, phosphorus and urinary pH. Arch Biochem Biophys 1954; 50: 18–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.Berglund F, Lotspeich WD: Renal tubular reabsorption of inorganic sulfate in the dog, as affected by glomerular filtration rate and sodium chloride. Am J Physiol 1956; 185: 533–538.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 9.Berliner RW, Hilton JG Jr, Yr TF, Kennedy TJ Jr: The renal mechanism for urate excretion in man J Clin Invest 1950; 29: 396–401.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Berner W, Kinne R: Transport of p-aminohippuric acid by plasma membrane vesicles isolated from rat kidney cortex. Pfluegers Arch 1976; 361: 269–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Beyer KH, Wright LD, Russo HF, et al: The renal clearance of essential amino acids: tryptophane, leucine, isoleucine and valine. Am J Physiol 1946; 146: 330–335.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 12.Beyer KH, Wright LD, Skeggs HR, et al: Renal clearance of essential amino acids: their competition for reabsorption by the renal tubules. Am J Physiol 1947; 151: 202–210.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 13.Bijvoet OLM: Relation of plasma phosphate concentration to renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate. Clin Sci 1969; 37: 23–36.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 14.Bradley SE, Laragh IH, Wheeler HO, et al: Correlation of structure and function in the handling of glucose by nephrons of the canine kidney. J Clin Invest 1961; 40: 1113–1131.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.Brown JL, Samiy AH, Pitts RF: Localization of aminonitrogen reabsorption in the nephron of the dog. Am J Physiol 1961; 200: 370–372.Google Scholar
- 16.Carone FA, Peterson DR: Hydrolysis and transport of small peptides by the proximal tubule. Am J Physiol 1980; 238: F151 - F158.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 17.Chan SS, Lotspeich WD: Comparative effects of phlorizin and phloretin on glucose transport in the cat kidney. Am J Physiol 1962; 203: 975–979.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 18.Chesney RW, Sacktor B, Rowen R: The binding of D-glucose to the isolated luminal membrane of the renal proximal tubule. J Biol Chem 1973; 218: 2182–2191.Google Scholar
- 19.Cho KC, Cafruny EJ: Renal tubular reabsorption of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) in the dog. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1970; 173: 1–12.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 20.Christensen EI, Maunsbach AB: Intralysosomal digestion of lysozyme in renal proximal tubular cells. Kidney Int 1974; 6: 396–407.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.Coello JB, Bradley SE: Function of the nephron population during hemorrhagic hypotension in the dog with special reference to the effects of osmotic diuresis. J Clin Invest 1964; 43: 386–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.Cohen RD, Prout RES: The origin of urinary citrate. Clin Sci 1964; 26: 237–245.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 23.Cojocel C, Maita K, Baumann K, Hook JB: Renal processing of low molecular weight proteins. Pfluegers Arch 1984; 401: 333–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.Cooke RE, Segar WE, Reed C, et al: The role of potassium in the prevention of alkalosis. Am J Med 1954; 17: 180–195.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 25.Cortney MA, Sawin LL, Weiss DD: Renal tubular protein absorption in the rat. J Clin Invest 1970; 49: 1–4.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.Crane R: Absoprtion of sugars, in Code CF (ed): Handbook of Physiology, Section 6, Alimentary Canal. Washington DC, American Physiology Society, 1968, pp 1323–1351.Google Scholar
- 27.DeLuca HF, Steenbock H: An in vitro effect of vitamin D on citrate oxidation by kidney mitochondria. Science 1957; 126: 258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 28.Diamond H, Meisel A: Influence of volume expansion, serum sodium, and fractional excretion of sodium on urate excretion. Pfluegers Arch 1975; 356: 47–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 29.Franklin R, Costello LC, Stacey R, Stephens R: Calcitonin effects on plasma and urinary citrate level in rats. Am J Physiol 1973; 225: 1178–1180.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 30.Frick A: Reabsorption of inorganic phosphate in the rat. I. Saturation of transport mechanism. II. Suppression of fractional phosphate reabsorption due to expansion of extracellular fluid volume. Arch Ges Physiol 1968; 304: 351–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 31.Frohnert P, Hohmann B, Zwiebel R, Baumann K: Free flow micropuncture studies of glucose transport in the rat nephron. Arch Ges Physiol 1970; 315: 66–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 32.Fromter E: Electrophysiological analysis of rat renal sugar and amino acid transport. I. Basic phenomena. Pfluegers Arch 1982; 393: 179–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 33.Grinstein S, Turner BJ, Silverman M, Rothstein A: Inorganic anion transport in kidney and intestinal brush border and basolateral membranes. Am J Physiol 1980; 238: F452 - F460.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 34.Grollman AP, Harrison HC, Harrison HE: The renal excretion of citrate. J Clin Invest 1961; 40: 1290–1296.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 35.Grollman AP, Walker WG, Harrison HC, Harrison HE: Site of reabsorption of citrate and calcium in the renal tubule of the dog. Am J Physiol 1963; 205: 697–701.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 36.Gutman AB, Yu TF: A three-component system for regulation of renal excretion of uric acid in man. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1961; 74: 353–365.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 37.Gutman AB, Yu TF, Berger L: Renal function in gout. III. Estimation of tubular secretion and reabsorption of uric acid by use of pyrazinamide. Am J Med 1969; 47: 575–592.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 38.Hall PF: The Functions of the Endocrine Glands. Philadelphia, W B Saunders Co, 1959.Google Scholar
- 39.Hammerman MR, Sacktor B: Na’-dependent transport of glycine in renal brush border membrane vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta 1982; 686: 189–96.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 40.Hierholzer K, Cade R, Gurd R, et al: Stop-flow analysis of renal reabsorption of sulfate in the dog. Am J Physiol 1960; 198: 833–837.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 41.Higgins IT, Meinders AE: Quantitative relationship of renal glucose and sodium reabsorption during ECF expansion. Am J Physiol 1975; 229: 66–71.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 42.Hirsch PF, Voelkel EA, Munson PL: Thyrocalcitonin: Hypocalcemic hypophosphatemic principle of the thyroid gland. Science 1964; 146: 412–413.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 43.Hodgkinson A: Citric acid excretion in normal adults and in patients with renal calculus. Clin Sci 1962; 23: 203–212.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 44.Holmes EW, Kelley WN, Wyngaarden JB: The kidney and uric acid excretion in man. Kidney Int 1972; 2: 115–118.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 45.Hopfer U: Transport in isolated plasma membranes. Am J Physiol 1978; 234: F89 - F96.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 46.Kawamura J, Mazumdar DC, Lubowitz H: Effect of albumin infusion on renal glucose reabsorption in the rat. Am J Physiol 1977; 232: F286 - F290.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 47.Keyes JL, Swanson RE: Dependence of glucose Tm on GFR and tubular volume in the dog kidney. Am J Physiol 1971; 221: 1–7.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 48.Kinsella JL, Holohan PD, Pessah NI, Ross CR: Transport of organic ions in renal cortical luminal and antiluminal membrane vesicles. JPharmacol Exp Ther 1979; 209: 443–450.Google Scholar
- 49.Kleinzeller A, Kolinska J, Benes I: Transport of glu-cose and galactose in kidney cortex cells. Biochem J 1967; 104: 843–851.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 50.Knox FG, Osswald H, Marchand GR, et al: Phosphate transport along the nephron. Am JPhysiol 1977; 233: F261 - F266.Google Scholar
- 51.Knox FG, Schneider EG, Willis LR, et al: Site and control of phosphate reabsorption by the kidney. Kidney Int 1973; 3: 347–353.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 52.Koch A: The Kidney, in Ruch TC, Patton HD (eds): Physiology and Biophysics, ed 20. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1973, pp 844–872.Google Scholar
- 53.Kokko JP: Proximal tubule potential difference: Dependence on glucose, HCO3 and amino acids. J Clin Invest 1973; 52: 1362–1367.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 54.Krane S, Crane R: The accumulation of D-galactose against a concentration gradient by slices of rabbit kidney cortex. J Biol Chem 1959; 234: 211–216.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 55.Kruhoffer P: Studies on Water and Electrolyte Excretion and Glomerular Activity in the Mammalian Kidney. Copenhagen, Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1950, pp 76–85.Google Scholar
- 56.Kurtzman NA, White MG, Rogers PW, Flynn JJ III: Relationship of sodium reabsorption and glomerular filtration rate to renal glucose reabsorption. J Clin Invest 1972; 51: 127–133.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 57.Lambert PP, Van Kessel E, Leplat C: Etude sur l’elimination des phosphates inorganiques chez l’homme. Acta Med Scand 1947; 128: 386–410.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 58.Landwehr DM, Carvalho JS, Oken DE: Micropuncture studies of the filtration and absorption of albumin by nephrotic rats. Kidney Int 1977; 11: 9–17.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 59.Lathem W, Davis BB: Renal tubular reabsorption of protein: Demonstration and localization of egg-albumin and ß-lactoglobulin reabsorption in the dog. Am J Physiol 1960; 199: 614 648.Google Scholar
- 60.Lathem W, Davis BB, Zweig PH, Dew R: The demonstration and localization of renal tubular reabsorption of hemoglobin by stop flow analysis: J Clin Invest 1960; 39: 840–845.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 61.Lotspeich WD: Phlorizin and the Cellular Transport of Glucose. Harvey Lectures, Ser. 56. New York, Academic Press, 1961, pp 63–91.Google Scholar
- 62.Lotspeich WD: Renal tubular reabsorption of inorganic sulfate in the normal dog. Am J Physiol 1947; 151: 311–318.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 63.Lotspeich WD, Woronkow S: Some quantitative studies on phlorizin inhibition of glucose transport in the kidney. Am J Physiol 1958; 195: 331–336.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 64.Lucke H, Stange G, Murer H: Sulphate-ion/sodiumion co-transport by brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from rat kidney cortex. Biochem J 1979; 182: 223–229.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 65.Maack T, Mackensie DDS, Kinter WB: Intracellular pathways of renal absorption of lysozyme. Am J Physiol 1971; 221: 1609–1616.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 66.Maack T, Johnson V, Kau ST, et al: Renal filtration, transport, and metabolism of low-molecular weight proteins: A review. Kidney Int 1979; 16: 251–270.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 67.Mikkelsen WM, Dodge HJ, Valkenburg H: The distribution of serum uric acid values in a population unselected as to gout or hyperuricemia: Tecumsch, Michigan, 1959–1960. AmJMed 1965; 39: 242–251.Google Scholar
- 68.Mudge GH: Clinical patterns of tubular dysfunction. Am J Med 1958; 24: 785–804.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 69.Mudge GH, Berndt WO, Valtin H: Tubular transport of urea, glucose, phosphate, uric acid, sulfate, and thiosulfate, in Orloff J, Berliner JW (eds): Handbook of Physiology, Section 8, Renal Physiology. Washington DC, American Physiological Society, 1973, pp 587–652.Google Scholar
- 70.Murayama Y, Morel F, LeGrimellec C: Phosphate, calcium, and magnesium transfers in proximal tubules and loops of Henle, as measured by single nephron microperfusion experiments in the rat. Arch Ges Physiol 1972; 333: 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 71.Murer H, Leopolder A, Kinne R, Burckhardt G: Recent observations on the proximal tubular transport of acidic and basic amino acids by rat renal proximal tubular brush border vesicles. Int J Biochem 1980; 12: 223–228.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 72.Pitts RF: Physiology of the Kidney and Body Fluids, ed 3. Chicago, Year Book Medical Publishers 1974.Google Scholar
- 73.Pitts RF: A comparison of the renal reabsorptive processes for several amino acids. AmJPhysiol 1944; 140: 535–547.Google Scholar
- 74.Pitts RF: A renal reabsorptive mechanism in the dog common to glycine and creatine. Am J Physiol 1943; 140: 156–168.Google Scholar
- 75.Pitts RF, Alexander RS: The renal absorptive mechanism for inorganic phosphate in normal and acidotic dogs. Am J Physiol 1944; 142: 648–662.Google Scholar
- 76.Podevin RA, Boumendil-Podevin EF, Priol C: Concentrative PAH transport by rabbit kidney slices in the absence of metabolic energy. Am J Physiol 1978; 235: F278 - F285.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 77.Puschett JB, Agus ZS, Senesky D, Goldberg M: Effects of saline loading and aortic obstuction on proximal phosphate transport. Am J Physiol 1972; 223: 851–857.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 78.Robson AM, Srivastava PL, Bricker NS: The influence of saline loading on renal glucose reabsorption in the rat. J Clin Invest 1968; 47: 329–335.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 79.Roch-Ramel F, Diezi-Chomety F, De Rougemont D, et al: Renal excretion of uric acid in the rat: A micropuncture and microperfusion study. Am J Physiol 1976; 230: 768–776.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 80.Roch-Ramel F, Granges F, Roth L, et al: Renal handling of urate by nondiuretic and diuretic rats. HPLCamperometric determination of urate concentrations. Renal Physiol 1980; 2: 122–129.Google Scholar
- 81.Samarija I, Fromter E: Electrophysiological analysis of rat renal sugar and amino acid transport. V. Acidic amino acids. Pfluegers Arch 1982; 393: 215–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 82.Samarzija I, Hinton BT, Fromter E: Electrophysiological analysis of rat renal sugar and amino acid transport. II. Dependence of various transport parameters and inhibitors. Pfiuegers Arch 1982; 393: 190–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 83.Schafer JA, Andreoli TE: Rheogenic and passive Na’ absorption by the proximal nephron. Ann Rev Physiol 1979; 41: 211–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 84.Schneider EG, Sacktor B: Sodium gradient-dependent L-glutamate transport in renal brush border membrane vesicles. Effect of an infra vesicular>extravesicular potassium gradient. J Biol Chem 1980; 255: 7645–7649.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 85.Schultze RG, Berger H: The influence of GFR and saline expansion on TmG of the dog kidney. Kidney Im 1973; 3: 291–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 86.Shannon JA, Farber S, Troast L: The measurement of glucose Tm in the normal dog. Am J Physiol 1941; 133: 752–761.Google Scholar
- 87.Shannon JA, Fisher S: The renal tubular reabsorption of glucose in the normal dog. Am J Physiol 1938; 122: 765–774.Google Scholar
- 88.Simpson DP: Citrate excretion: A window on renal metabolism. Am J Physiol 1983; 244: F223 - F234.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 89.Singer FR, Woodhouse NJY, Parkinson DK, Joplin GF: Some acute effects of administered porcine calcitonin in man. Clin Sci 1969; 37: 181–190.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 90.Smith HW: The Kidney, Structure and Function in Health and Disease. New York, Oxford University Press, 1955.Google Scholar
- 91.Smith HW, Goldring W, Chasis H, et al: The application of saturation methods to the study of glomerular and tubular function in the human kidney. J. Mt Sinai Hosp NY 1943; 10: 59–108.Google Scholar
- 92.Sorensen LB: Extrarenal disposal of uric acid, in Kelley WN, Weiner IM (eds): Uric Acid, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 51, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1978, pp 325–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 93.Stanbury SW: Some aspects of disordered renal tubular function. Adv Intern Med 1958; 9: 231–282.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 94.Steele TH, Oppenheimer S: Factors affecting urate excretion following diuretic administration in man Am J Med 1969; 47: 564–574.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 95.Stolte H, Hare D, Boylan JW: D-glucose and fluid reabsorption in proximal surface tubule of the rat kidney. Arch Ges Physiol 1972; 334: 193–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 96.Straus W: Occurrence of phagosomes and phagolysosomes on different segments of the nephron in relation to the reabsorption, transport, digestion, and extrusion of intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase. J Cell Biol 1964; 21: 295–308.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 97.Strickler JC, Thompson DD, Klose RM, Giebisch G: Micropuncture study in inorganic phosphate excretion in the rat. J Clin Invest 1965; 43: 1596–1607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 98.Sulamita B, Pitts RF: Renal handling of a-ketoglutarate by the dog. Am J Physiol 1964; 207: 483–494.Google Scholar
- 99.Talmadge RV, Belanger LF (eds): Parathyroid Hormone and Thyrocalcitonin (Calcitonin). New York, Excerpta Medica Foundation, 1968.Google Scholar
- 100.Thierry J, Poujeol P, Ripoche P: Interaction between Na+-dependent uptake of D-glucose, phosphate, L-alanine in rat renal brush border membrane vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta 1981; 647: 203–210.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 101.Tune BM, Burg MB: Glucose transport by proximal renal tubules. Am J Physiol 1971; 221: 580–585.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 102.Tune BM, Burg MB, Patlak CS: Characteristics of p-aminohippurate transport in proximal renal tubules. Am J Physiol 1969; 217: 1057–1063.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 103.Ullrich KJ: Sugar, Amino acid, and Na’ cotransport in the proximal tubule. Ann Rev Physiol 1979; 41: 181–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 104.Ullrich KJ, Rumrich G, Kloss S: Sodium dependence of the amino acid transport in the proximal convolution of the rat kidney. Pfluegers Arch 1974; 351: 49–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 105.Vander AJ, Cafruny EJ: Stop flow analysis of renal function in the monkey. Am J Physiol 1962; 202: 1105–1108.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 106.Van Liew JB, Deetjen P, Boylan JW: Glucose reabsorption in the rat kidney-dependence on glomerular filtration. Arch Ges Physiol 1967; 295: 232–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 107.Walker A, Bott P, Oliver J, MacDowell M: The collection and analysis of fluid from single nephrons of the mammalian kidney. Am J Physiol 1941; 134: 580–595.Google Scholar
- 108.Webber WA: Characteristics of acidic amino acid transport in mammalian kidney. Can J Biochem Physiol 1963; 41: 131–137.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 109.Webber WA: Interactions of neutral and acidic amino acids in renal tubular transport. Am J Physiol 1962; 202: 577–583.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 110.Weiner IM: Urate transport in the nephron. Am J Physiol 1979; 237: F85 - F92.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 111.Weinman EJ, Sansom SC, Steplock DA, et al: Secretion of urate in the proximal convoluted tubule of the rat. Am J Physiol 1980; 239: F383 - F387.Google Scholar
- 112.Wright LD, Russo HF, Skeggs HR, et al: The renal clearance of essential amino acids: arginine, histidine, lysine and methionine. Am J Physiol 1947; 149: 130–134.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 113.Wyngaarden JB: On the dual pathogenesis of hyperuricemia in primary gout. Arthritis Rheum 1960; 3: 414–420.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 114.Young JA, Freedman BS: Renal tubular transport of amino acids. Clin Chem 1971; 17: 245–266.PubMedGoogle Scholar