Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cadmium

  • Chapter
Trace Elements in the Terrestrial Environment

Abstract

Cadmium is a soft, ductile, silver-white, electropositive metal, with an atomic weight of 112.40, specific gravity of 8.642, and melting point of 320.9°C. It has eight stable isotopes in nature: 106Cd, 1.22%; 108Cd, 0.88%; 110Cd, 12.39%; 111Cd, 12.75%; 112Cd, 24.07%; 113Cd, 12.26%; 114Cd, 28.86%; and 116Cd, 7.58%. Like Zn and Hg, Cd is a transition metal in Group IIb of the periodic table. Cadmium and Zn, however, differ from Hg in that the latter forms particularly strong Hg-C bonds. Like Zn, Cd is almost always divalent in all stable compounds, and its ion is colorless. Its most common compound is CdS. It forms hydroxides and complex ions with ammonia and cyanide—e.g., Cd(NH3)6 4− and Cd(CN)4 2−. It also forms a variety of complex organic amines, sulfur complexes, and chelates. Cadmium ions form insoluble white compounds, usually hydrated, with carbonates, arsenates, phosphates, oxalates, and ferrocyanides.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adriano, D. C., A. L. Page, A. A. Elseewi, and A. C. Chang. 1982. J Environ Qual 11: 197–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alloway, B. J., M. Gregson, S. K. Gregson, R. Tanner, and A. Tills. 1979. In Management and control of heavy metals in the environment, 545–548. CEP Consultants Ltd, Edinburgh, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, A. 1977. Swedish J Agric Res 7: 7–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, A., and K. O. Nilsson. 1972. Ambio 1: 176–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, A., and K. O. Nilsson. 1974. Ambio 3: 198–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Archer, F. C. 1980. Minist Agric Fish Food (Great Britain) 326: 184–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balsberg, A. M. 1982. Oikos 38: 91–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berrow, M. L., and R. L. Mitchell. 1980. Trans Royal Soc Edinburgh: Earth Sci. 71: 103–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berrow, M. L., and G. A. Reaves. 1984. In Proc Intl Conf Environ Contamination, 333–340. CEP Consultants Ltd, Edingurgh, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, F. T. 1979. Environ Health Perspec 28: 39–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, F. T., and A. L. Page. 1975. In Proc Intl Conf on Heavy Metals in the Environment, 433–441. Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, F. T., A. L. Page, R. J. Mahler, and T. J. Ganje. 1975. J Environ Qual 4: 207–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, F. T., A. L. Page, R. J. Mahler, and T. J. Ganje 1976a. J Environ Qual 5:57–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, F. T., A. L. Page, R. J. Mahler, and T. J. Ganje 1976b. Soil Sci Soc Am J 40: 715–719.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, F. T., A. L. Page, G. A. Mitchell, and J. E. Strong. 1979. J Environ Qual 8: 202–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham, F. T., A. L. Page, and J. E. Strong. 1980. Soil Sci 130: 32–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bittell, J. E., and R. J. Miller. 1974. J Environ Qual 3: 250–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackmer, G. L., G. L. Geary, T. M. Vickrey, and R. H. Reynolds. 1976. J Environ Sci Health All(6):357–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boggess, S. F., S. Willavize, and D. E. Koeppe. 1978. Agron J 70: 756–760.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bondietti, E. A., and F. H. Sweeton. 1973. Agron Abst. 89–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boswell, F. C. 1975. J Environ Qual 4: 267–272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, H. J. M. 1979. Environmental chemistry of the elements. Academic Press, New York. 333 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley, R. I. 1980. Geoderma 24: 17–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Browne, C. L., Y. M. Wong, and D. R. Buhler. 1984. J Environ Qual 13:184188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchauer, M. J. 1973. Environ Sci Technol 7: 131–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkitt, A., P. Lester, and G. Nickless. 1972. Nature 238: 327–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, R. W., and F. A. Bazzaz. 1977. Environ Pollut 12: 243–253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, R. W., and G. L. Rolfe. 1979. J Environ Qual 8: 348–352.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavallaro, N., and M. B. McBride. 1978. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42: 550–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavallaro, N., and M. B. McBride. 1980. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44: 729–732.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaney, R. L. 1973. In Recycling municipal sludges and effluents on land, 129–141. Natl Assoc State Univ and Land-Grant Colleges, Washington, DC. 1974. In Factors involved in land application ofagricultural and municipal wastes, 67–120. USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, A. C., A. L. Page, K. W. Foster, and T. E. Jones. 1982. J Environ Qual 11: 409–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, A. C., A. L. Page, J. E. Warneke, M. R. Resketo, and T. E. Jones. 1983. J Environ Qual 12: 391–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, A. C., J. E. Warneke, A. L. Page, and L. J. Lund. 1984a. J Environ Qual 13: 87–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, A. C., A. L. Page, J. E. Warneke, and E. Grgurevic. 1984b. J Environ Qual 13: 33–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Childs, E. A., and J. N. Gaffke. 1974. J Food Sci 39: 453–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chino, M. 1981a. In K. Kitagishi and I. Yamane, eds. Heavy metal pollution in soils of Japan, 65–80. Japan Sci Soc Press, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chino, M. 1981b. In K. Kitagishi and I. Yamane, eds. Heavy metal pollution in soils of Japan, 81–94. Japan Sci Soc Press, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chino, M., and A. Baba. 1981. J Plant Nutr 3: 203–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chino, M., and T. Mori. 1982. In Researches related to the UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere Programme in Japan,106–109. Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chizhikov, D. M. 1966. Cadmium. Pergammon, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, T. H. 1984a. Water, Air, Soil Pollut 21: 105–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, T. H. 1984b. Water, Air, Soil Pollut 21: 115–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chubin, R. G., and J. J. Street. 1981. J Environ Qual 10: 225–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST). 1980. In Effects of sewage sludge on the cadmium and zinc content of crops. CAST Rep. no 83, Ames, Iowa. 77 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Craun, G. F., and L. J. McCabe. 1975. J Am Water Works Assoc 67: 593–599.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, L. M. 1977. Trace Subs Environ Health 11:135–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, J. D., D. R. Keeney, and J. A. Ryan. 1975a. J Environ Qual 4:448454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, J. D., J. A. Ryan, and D. R. Keeney. 1975b. J Environ Qual 4:455460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, R. D., P. H. T. Beckett, and E. Wollan. 1978. Plant Soil 49: 395–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, R. D., and E. G. Coker. 1979. In Proc Intl Conf Management and Control of Heavy Metals in the Environment, 553–556. CEP Consultants Ltd, Edinburgh, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dijkshoorn, W., J. E. M. Lampe, and A. R. Kowsoleea. 1974. Netherlands J Agric Sci 22: 66–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorn, C. R., J. O. Pierce, G. R. Chase, and P. E. Phillips. 1975. Environ Res 9: 159–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowdy, R. H., and W. E. Larson. 1975. J Environ Qual 4: 278–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, H.A., and C. M. Denneny. 1982. J Environ Qual 11: 658–662.

    Google Scholar 

  • ES & T. 1979. Currents. Environ Sci Technol 13: 1447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrah, H., and W. F. Pickering. 1977. Aust J Chem 30: 1417–1422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleischer, M., A. F. Sarofim, D. W. Fassett, P. Hammond, H. T. Shacklette,I. C. Nisbet, and S. Epstein. 1974. Environ Health Perspec 7: 253–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Förstner, U. 1980. In O. Hutzinger, ed. Handbook of environmental chemistry. Vol. 3, part A. Anthropogenic compounds, 59–107. Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Francis, C. W., and S. G. Rush. 1973. Trace Subs Environ Health 7: 75–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, R., K. Ishida, and P. Suda. 1976. Can J Soil Sci 56: 181–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friberg, L., M. Piscator, and G. Nordberg. 1971. Cadmium in the environment. CRC Press, Cleveland, OH. 166 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Miragaya, J., and A. L. Page. 1976. Soil Sci Soc Am J 40: 658–663.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Miragaya, J., and A. L. Page. 1977. Soil Sci Soc Am J 41: 718–721.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Miragaya, J., and A. L. Page. 1978. Wate Air Soil Pollut 9:289–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerritse, R. G., W. van Driel, K. W. Smilde, and B. van Luit. 1983. Plant Soil 75:393–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giordano, P. M., D. A. Mays, and A. D. Behel, Jr. 1979. J Environ Qual 8:233–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Girling, C. A., and P. J. Peterson. 1981. J Plant Nutr 3: 707–720.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godbeer, W. C., and D. J. Swaine. 1979. Trace Subs Environ Health 13: 254–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haghiri, F. 1973. J Environ Qual 2: 93–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haghiri, F. 1974. J Environ Qual 3: 180–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahne, H. C. H., and W. Kroontje. 1973. J Environ Qual 2: 444–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, J. A., and J. C. Tjell. 1982. In R. D. Davis, G. Hucker, and P. L’Hermite, eds. Environmental effects of organic and inorganic contaminants in sewage sludge, 91–112. Proc of workshop sponsored by Comm European Communities, Reidel Publ Co, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haq, A. U., T. E. Bates, and Y. K. Soon. 1980. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44: 772–777.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harre, E., M. N. Goodson, and J. D. Bridges. 1976. Fertilizer trends. Natl Fert Dev Center, Muscle Shoals, AL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassett, J. J., J. E. Miller, and D. E. Koeppe. 1976. Environ Pollut 11: 297–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrichs, H., and R. Mayer. 1977. J Environ Qual 6: 402–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrichs, H., B. Schulz-Dobrick, and K. H. Wedepohl. 1980. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44: 1519–1532.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemkes, O. J., A. Kemp, and L. W. van Broekhoven. 1980. Neth J Agric Sci 28: 228–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickey, M. G., and J. A. Kittrick. 1984. J Environ Qual 13: 372–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinesly, T. D„ R. L. Jones, and E. L. Ziegler. 1972. Compost Sci 13: 26–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinesly, T. D., K. E. Redborg, E. L. Ziegler, and J. D. Alexander. 1982. Soil Sci Soc Am J 46: 490–497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huffman, E. W. D., and J. F. Hodgson. 1973. J Environ Qual 2: 289–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, T. C., M. Czuba, and L. Cunningham. 1974. Trace Subs Environ Health 8: 81–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, T. C. 1979. In Effects of cadmium in the Canadian environment. NRCC 16743, Ottawa, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iimura, K. 1981. In K. Kitagish and I. Yamane, eds. Heavy metal pollution in soils of Japan, 19–26. Japan Sci Soc Press, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iimura, K., and H. Ito. 1971. Res Bull Science Soil Manure of Chuba Branch, Japan 34: 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwai, I., T. Hara, and Y. Sonoda. 1975. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 21: 37–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis, S. C., and L. H. P. Jones. 1980. J Soil Sci 31: 469–479.

    Google Scholar 

  • John, M. K. 1972. Can J Soil Sci 52: 343–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • John, M. K. 1973. Environ Pollut 4: 7–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • John, M. K., H. H. Chuah, and C. J. VanLaerhoven. 1972a. Environ Sci Technol 6: 555–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • John, M. K., C. J. VanLaerhoven, and H. H. Chuah. 1972b. Environ Sci Technol 6: 1005–1009.

    Google Scholar 

  • John, M. K., and C. J. VanLaerhoven. 1976. Environ Pollut 10: 163–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, R. L., T. D. Hinesly, and E. L. Ziegler. 1973. J Environ Qual 2: 351–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, M. J. 1975. Ecology 56: 78–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keeney, D. R., and L. M. Walsh. 1975. In Proc Intl Conf on Heavy Metals in the Environment, 379–401. Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelling, K. A., D. R. Keeney, L. M. Walsh, and J. A. Ryan. 1977. J Environ Qual 6: 352–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, J. M., G. R. Parker, and W. W. McFee. 1979. J Environ Qual 8: 361–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalid, R. A., R. P. Gambrell, and W. H. Patrick, Jr. 1978. In D. C. Adriano and I. L. Brisbin, Jr., eds. Environmental chemistry and cycling processes417–433. CONF-760429, NTIS, Springfield, VA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khalid, R. A., R. P. Gambrell, and W. H. Patrick 1981. J Environ Qual 10: 523. 528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan, D. H., and B. Frankland. 1983. Plant Soil 70: 335–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knezek, B. D., and R. H. Miller. 1976. In Application of sludges and waste waters on agricultrual land: A planning and educational guide. NCRR Public 235, Wooster, OH. 88 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, J. 1971. Trace Subs Environ Health 5: 117–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, J. In F. W. Oehme, ed. Toxicity of heavy metals in the environment. Part I, 199–260. Dekker Inc, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koeppe, D. E. 1977. Sci Total Environ 7: 197–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krauskopf, K. B. 1956. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 9: 1–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krauskopf, K. B. 1979. Introduction to geochemistry. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York. 617 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuo, S., and A. S. Baker. 1980. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44: 969–974.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuo, S., and B. L. McNeal. 1984. Soil Sci Soc Am J 48:1040–1044.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lag, J., and I. H. Elsokkary. 1978. Acta Agric Scan 28:76–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagerwerff, J. V. 1971. Soil Sci 111: 129–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagerwerff, J. V., and A. W. Specht. 1970. Trace Subs Environ Health 4: 85–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagerwerff, J. V., and G. T. Biersdorf. 1971. Trace Subs Environ Health 5:515522.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagerwerff, J. V., and D. L. Brower. 1972. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 36: 734–737.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagerwerff, J. V., D. L. Brower, and G. T. Biersdorf. 1972. Trace Subs Environ Health 6: 71–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamoreaux, R. J., and W. R.,Chaney. 1977. J Environ Qual 6: 201–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K. W., and D. R. Keeney. 1975. Water, Air, Soil Pollut 5: 109–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levi-Minzi, R., G. F. Soldatini, and R. Riffaldi. 1976. J Soil Sci 27: 10–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Little, P., and M. H. Martin. 1972. Environ Pollut 3: 241–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, J. M. 1980. In US Bureau of Mines Minerals yearbook1978–79, 139145. US Dept of Interior, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund, L. J., A. L. Page, and C. O. Nelson. 1976. J Environ Qual 5: 330–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund, L. J., E. E. Betty, A. L. Page, and R. A. Elliott. 1981. J Environ Qual 10: 551–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLean, A. J. 1976. Can J Soil Sci 56: 129–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahaffey, K. R., P. E. Corneliussen, C. F. Jelinek, and J. A. Fiorino. 1975. Environ Health Perspect 12: 63–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahler, R. J., F. T. Bingham, and A. L. Page. 1978. J Environ Qual 7: 274–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahler, R. J., F. T. Bingham, G. Sposito, and A. L. Page. 1980. J Environ Qual 9: 359–363.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, M. H., and P. J. Coughtrey. 1975. Chemosphere 3:155–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Masironi, R., S. R. Koirtyohann, and J. O. Pierce. 1977. Sci Total Environ 7: 2743.

    Google Scholar 

  • McBride, M. B. 1980. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44: 26–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • McBride, M.B., L. D. Tyler, and D. A. Hovde. 1981. Soil Sci Soc Am J 45;739–744.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milberg, R. P., D. L. Brower, and J. V. Lagerwerff. 1978. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42: 892–894.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. E., J. J. Hassett, and D. E Koeppe. 1976. J Environ Qual 5:157–160. 1977. J Environ Qual 6: 18–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills, J. G., and M. A. Zwarich. 1975. Can J Soil Sci 55: 295–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, D. G., and K. M. Aldous. 1974. Environ Health Perspec 7: 59–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, C. D., and T. A. Fretz. 1977. J Am Soc Hort Sci 102: 81–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortvedt, J. J., and P. M. Giordano. 1977. In H. Drucker and R. A. Wildung, eds. Biological implications of heavy metals in the environment. CONF-750929. NTIS, Springfield, VA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortvedt, J. J., D. A. Mays, and G. Osborn. 1981. J Environ Qual 10: 193–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulla, D. J., A. L. Page, and T. J. Ganje. 1980. J Environ Qual 9: 408–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Munshower, F. F. 1977. J Environ Qual 6: 411–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Academy of Sciences (NAS). 1974. In W. L. Petrie, ed. Geochemistry and the environment. Vol. 1, 43–56. Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Academy of Sciences (NAS) 1977. Multimedia management of municipal sludge. NAS-NRC, Vol. 9, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council Canada (NRCC). 1979. Effects of cadmium in the Canadian environment. NRCC no. 16743. Ottawa, Canada. 148 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neathery, M. W., and W. J. Miller. 1975. J Dairy Sci 58: 1767–1781.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, R. 1979. Ambio 8: 275–277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nriagu, J. O. 1980. In J. O. Nriagu, ed. Cadmium in the environment. Part I–Ecological cycling, 35–70. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nwankwo, J. N., and C. G. Elinder. 1979. Bull Environ Contamin Toxicol 22:625631.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, A. L., F. T. Bingham, and C. Nelson. 1972. J Environ Qual 1:288–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, A. L., and F. T. Bingham. 1973. Residue Rev 48: 1–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, A. L. 1974. Fate and effects of trace elements in sewage sludge when applied to agricultural lands. EPA– 670/2–74–005. US–EPA, Cincinnati, OH. 98 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, A. L., and A. C. Chang. 1978. In Acceptable sludge disposal techniques. Info Transfer, Inc, Rockville, MD. 239 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, A. L., A. C. Chang, and F. T. Bingham. 1979. In Management and controls of heavy metals in the environment, 525–528. CEP Consultants Ltd, Edinburgh, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pahren, H. R., J. B. Lucas, J. A. Ryan, and G. K. Dotson. 1979. J Water Pollut Cont Fed 51: 2588–2601.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, G. R., W. W. McFee, and J. M. Kelly. 1978. J Environ Qual 7: 337–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patel, P. M., A. Wallace, and R. T. Mueller. 1976. J Am Soc Hort Sci 101:553–556.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peel, J. W., R. J. Vetter, J. E. Christian, W. V. Kessler, and W. W. McFee. 1978. In D. C. Adriano and I. L. Brisbin, eds. Environmental chemistry and cycling processes, 628–636. CONF-760429. NTIS, Springfield, VA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pepper, I. L., D. F. Bezdicek, A. S. Baker, and J. M. Sims. 1983. J Environ Qual 12:270–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petruzzelli, G., G. Guidi, and L. Lubrano. 1977. Water, Air, Soil Pollut 8: 393–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettersson, O. 1977. Swedish J Agric Res 7: 21–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preer, J. R., and W. G. Rosen. 1977. Trace Subs Environ Health 11: 399–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragaini, R. C., H. R. Ralston, and N. Roberts. 1977. Environ Sci Technol 11:773781.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, C. N., and W. H. Patrick, Jr. 1977. J Environ Qual 6: 259–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reuss, J. O., H. L. Dooley, and W. Griffis. 1978. J Environ Qual 7: 128–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Root, R. A., R. J. Miller, and D. E. Koeppe. 1975. J Environ Qual 4: 473–476.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santillan-Medrano, J., and J. J. Jurinak. 1975. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 39: 851–856.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schauer, P. S., W. R. Wright, and J. Pelchat. 1980. J Environ Qual 9: 69–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, H. A., and J. J. Balassa. 1963. Science 140: 810–820.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shacklette, H. T. 1972. Cadmium in plants. Geol Sury Bull 1314-G. US Govt Printing Office, Washington, DC. 28 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidle, R. C., and W. E. Sopper. 1976. J Environ Qual 5: 419–422.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sidle, R. C., and L. T. Kardos. 1977. J Environ Qual 6: 431–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S. S. 1979. Can J Soil Sci 59: 119–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smet, S. Denaeyer-De. 1974. Oecologia Plant. 9: 169–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W. H. 1973. Environ Sci Technol 7: 631–636.

    Google Scholar 

  • Somers, E. 1974. J Food Sci 39: 215–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • Somers, G. F. 1978. Environ Pollut 17: 287–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soon, Y. K., and T. E. Bates. 1982. J Soil Sci 33: 477–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sposito, G., and F. T. Bingham. 1981. J Plant Nutr 3: 35–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sposito, G., and S. V. Mattigod. 1979. GEOCHEM: A computer program for calculating chemical equilibria in soil solutions and other natural water systems. Kearny Foundation of Soil Science, Univ. of California, Riverside. Stahr, K., H. W. Zöttl, and Fr. Hädrich. 1980. Soil Sci 130:217–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenström, T., and H. Lönsjö. 1974. Ambio 3:87–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stenström, T., and M. Vahter. 1974. Ambio 3: 91–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, F. J. 1976. Soil Sci Soc Am J 40: 665–672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Street, J. J., W. L. Lindsay, and B. R. Sabey. 1977. J Environ Qual 6: 72–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Street, J. J., B. R. Sabey, and W. L. Lindsay. 1978. J Environ Qual 7: 286–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Symeonides, C., and S. G. McRae. 1977. J Environ Qual 6: 120–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takijima, Y., and F. Katsumi. 1973. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 19: 29–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takijima, Y., F. Katsumi, and K. Takezawa. 1973a. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 19:173182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takijima, Y., F. Katsumi, and S. Koizumi. 1973b. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 19:183193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, J. T., and M. H. Friedman. 1977. J Radioanal Chem 37: 529–538.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tjell, J. C., and M. F. Hovmand. 1978. Acta Agric Scand 28: 81–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tjell, J. C., J. A. Hansen, T. H. Christensen, and M. F. Hovmand. 1980. In P. L’Hermite and H. Ott, eds. Characterization, treatment, and use of sewage sludge. 652–664. Proc. of 2nd Comm European Communities Workshop, Reidel Publ Co, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, M. A. 1973. J Environ Qual 2: 118–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, G. 1972. Ambio 1: 52–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, G. 1975. Nature 255:701–702.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler, L. D., and M. B. McBride. 1982. Plant Soil 64: 259–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Bureau of Mines. 1978–79. Minerals yearbook. Metals and minerals. US Dept of Interior, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • USDA-USDI. 1977. In Development of phosphate resources in S E Idaho: Final environmental impact statement. Vol. 1, 52–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA). 1974. EPA-440/1-74-011-A. Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Environmental Protection Agency 1976. Quality criteria for water. US-EPA, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • US Environmental Protection Agency Criteria for classification of solid waste disposal facilities and practices.1979. Fed Regist. 44:53438–53468.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vallee, B. L., and D. D. Ulmer. 1972. Ann Rev Biochem 41: 91–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Hook, R. I., W. F. Harris, and G. S. Henderson. 1977. Ambio 6: 281–286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varma, M. M., and H. M. Katz. 1978. J Environ Health 40: 324–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, A., E. M. Romney, G. V. Alexander, R. T. Mueller, S. M. Soufi, and P. M. Patel. 1977a. Agron J 69: 18–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, A., E. M. Romney, G. V. Alexander, and S. M. Soufi. 1977b. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 8: 765–772.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitby, L. M., J. Gaynor, and A. J. MacLean. 1978. Can J Soil Sci 58: 325–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, M. C., and R. L. Chaney. 1980. Soil Sci Soc Am J 44: 308–313.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. H. 1977. J Aust Inst Agric Sci (Sept-Dec):99–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. H., and D. J. David. 1973. Aust J Soil Res 11: 43–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. H., and D. J. David. 1976. Soil Sci 121:86–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. H., and D. J. David. 1977. Aust J Soil Res 15:59–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D. E., J. Vlamis, A. H. Pukite, and J. E. Corey. 1984. Soil Sci 137: 35 1359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wixson, B. G., N. L. Gale, and K. Downey. 1977. Trace Subs Environ Health 11: 455–461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, M. K., G. K. Chuah, L. L. Koh, K. P. Ang, and C. S. Hew. 1984. Environ Exp Bot 24: 189–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO). 1984. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Vol. 1 — Recommendations. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 130 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamagata, N., and I. Shigematsu. 1970. Inst Public Health 19(1):1–27. Tokyo, Japan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwarich, M. A., and J. G. Mills. 1979. Can J Soil Sci 59: 231–239.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biogeochemical Ecology Division, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia Institute of Ecology, Savannah River Plant, 29801, Aiken, South Carolina, USA

    D. C. Adriano (Senior Scientist)

Authors
  1. D. C. Adriano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Adriano, D.C. (1986). Cadmium. In: Trace Elements in the Terrestrial Environment. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1907-9_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1907-9_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1909-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1907-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation