Summary
Species of Penicilliumcan often be identified by morphological methods, but additional criteria such as profiles of secondary metabolites can be useful for confirmation, especially in species occurring on domesticated plants used for foods and feedstuffs. Fungi may also be classified by polyphenic methods based on quantitative profiles of primary metabolites, e.g. gas chromatographic determination of pyrolysis products or carbohydrates. The use of these methods is exemplified in this paper on species and isolates which are especially difficult to identify by traditional taxonomical methods, i.e. the P. viridicatum, P. cyclopium, P. expansum, and P. ochraceum series of Raper and Thom. It is shown that Penicillium isolates with rough-walled conidia, isolated from seed caches and cheek pouches of the North American desert kangaroo rat, are P. aurantiogriseum II and not P. echinulatum.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
BIRKINSHAW, J.H. and RAISTRICK, H. 1932. Studies in the biochemistry of microorganisms. XXII. Puberulic acid C H 0 and puberulonic acid C H40, new products from gluc6s by Penicillium puberulum ~ainler and Penicillium aurantiovirens Biourge. Biochem. J. 26: 441–453.
BIRKINSHAW, J.H. RAISTRICK, H., ROSS, D.J. and STICKINGS, C.E. 1952. Studies in the biochemistry of microorganisms. 85. Cyclopolic and cyclopaldic acids, metabolic products of Penicillium cyclopium Westling. Biochem. J. 50: 610–628.
BJERG, B., OLSEN, O., RASMUSSEN, K.W. and SORENSEN, H., 1984.
New principes of ion-exchange techniques suitable to sample preparation and group separation of natural pro-ducts prior to liquid chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 7: 691–707.
BU’LOCK, J.D. 1980. Mycotoxins as secondary metabolites. In “The biosynthesis of mycotoxins. A study in secondary metabolism”, P. Steyn, ed. London: Academic Press. pp. 116
DERDE, M.P., COMANS, D. and MASSART, D.L. 1984. SIMCA (Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy) demonstrated with characterisation and classification of Italian olive oil. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 67: 721–727.
FASSATIOVA, 0. 1977. A taxonomic study of Penicillium series Expansa Thom emend. Fassatiovâ. Acta Univ. Carol. Biol. 12: 283–335.
FILTENBORG, O. and FRISVAD, J.C. 1980. A simple screening method for toxigenic moulds in pure cultures. Lebensm. Wiss. Technol. 13: 128–130.
FILTENBORG, O., FRISVAD, j.C. and SVENDSEN, J.A. 1983. Simple screening method for molds producing intracellular mycotoxins in pure cultures. Appl. environ. Microbiol. 45: 581–585.
FRISVAD, J.C. 1981. Physiological criteria and mycotoxin pro-duction as aids in identification of common asymmetric Penicillia. Appl. environ. Microbiol. 41: 568–579.
FRISVAD, J.C. 1983. A selective and indicative medium for groups of Penicillium viridicatum producing different mycotoxins in cereals. J. appl. Bacteriol. 54: 409–416.
FRISVAD, J.C. 1984. Expressions of secondary metabolism as fundamental characters in Penicillium taxonomy. In “Toxigenic fungi–their toxins and health hazard”, H. Kurata and Y. Ueno, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevies. pp. 98–106.
FRISVAD, J.C. 1985. Aids in the identification of important food-borne species of filamentous fungi. In “Methods for mycological examination of foods”, A.D. King, J.I. Pitt, L.R. Beuchat and J. Corry, eds. New York: Plenum Press. In press.
FRISVAD, J.C. and FILTENBORG, O. 1983. Classification of terverticillate penicillia based on profiles of mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites. Appl. environ. Microbiol. 46: 1301–1310.
HA-HUY-KE and LUCKNER, M. 1979. Structure and function of conidíospore pigments of Penicillium cvclopium. Z. Allg. Mikrobiol. 19: 117–122.
HERMANSEN, K., FRISVAD, J.C., EMBORG, C. and HANSEN, J. 1984. Cyclopiazonic acid production by submerged cultures of
Penicillium and Aspergillus strains. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 21: 253–261.
LEISTNER, L. 1984. Toxigenic Penicillia occuring in feeds and foods. In–“Toxigenic fungi–their toxins and health hazard”, H. Kurata and Y. Ueno, eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier pp. 162–171.
ONIONS, A.H.S., ALLSOPP, D. and EGGINS, H.O.W. 1981. “Smith’s Introduction to Industrial Mycology”. London: Edward Arnold.
ONIONS, A.H.S., BRIDGE, P.D. and PATTERSON, R.R. 1984. Pro-blems and prospects for the taxonomy of Penicillium. Microbiol. Sci. 1: 185–189.
PITT, J.I. 1979. “The Genus Penicillium and its Teleomorphic States Eupenicillium and Talaromyces”. London: Academic Press.
RAPER, K.B. and THOM, C. 1949. “A Manual of the Penicillia”. Baltimore: Willliams and Wilkins.
SAMSON, R.A. and GAMS, W. 1984. The taxonomic situation in the Hyphomycete genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Fusarium. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 50: 815–824.
SAMSON, R.A. STOLK, A.C. and HADLOK, R. 1976. Revision of the subsection Fasciculata of Penicillium and some allied species. Stud. Mycol., Baarn 11: 1–47.
SÖDERSTROM, B. and FRISVAD, J.C. 1984. Separation of closely related asymmetric penicillia by pyrolysis gas chromatography and mycotoxin production. Mycologia 76: 408–419.
WHEELER, M.H. 1983. Comparison of fungal melanin biosynthesis in ascomycetous, imperfect and basidiomycetous fungi. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 81: 29–36.
WOLD, S. and SJOSTROM, M. 1977. SIMCA: a method for analysing chemical data in terms of similarity and analogy. In “Chemometrics: Theory and Application”, B.R. Kowalski, ed. Washinghton D.C.: American Chemical Society. pp. 243282.
WOLD, S., ALBANO, C., DUNN, W.J., III, EDLUND, U., ESBENSEN, K., GELADI, P., HELLBERG, S., JOHANSSON, E., LINDBERG, W. and SJOSTROM, M. 1984. Multivariate data analysis in chemistry. In “Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Chemometrics”, B.R. Kowalski, ed. Dordrecht: Reidelì Publ. Co.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1986 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Frisvad, J.C. (1986). Profiles of Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Value in Classification of Penicillium Viridicatum and Related Species. In: Samson, R.A., Pitt, J.I. (eds) Advances in Penicillium and Aspergillus Systematics. NATO ASI Series, vol 102. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1856-0_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1856-0_25
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-3204-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1856-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive