Abstract
A generalized theory for the traction of a pneumatic tire on a snow-covered pavement is presented.
A general description of how a tire provides traction on snow is given with several aspects of the complex interaction being presented in detail. Snow is then classified on the basis of physical properties that are of importance in snow traction. Finally, a general mathematical theory for the traction of a pneumatic tire on snow is developed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
A. R. Williams, T. Holmes, and G. Lees, “Toward the Unified Design of Tire and Pavement for the Reduction of Skidding Accidents,” SAE Paper No. 720162, January 1972.
R. R. Hegmon, T. D. Gillespie, and W. E. Meyer, “Measurement Principles Applied to Skid Testing,” ASTM STP 530, pp. 78–90, April 1973.
D. Freitag, A. Green, and N. Murphy, “Normal Stresses at the Tire-Soil Interface in Yielding Soils,” Highway Research Record No 74, pp. 1-18, 1965.
G. Dagan and M. Tulin, “A Study of the Steady Flow of a Rigid-Plastic Clay Beneath a Driven Rigid Wheel,” Journal of Terramechanics, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 9–27, 1969.
Z. Janosi, “Theoretical Analysis of the Performance of Tracks and Wheels Operating on Deformable Soils,” Transactions of the ASAE, p. 133, 1962.
J. Wong and A. R. Reece, “Prediction of Rigid Wheel Performance Based on the Analysis of Soil-Wheel Stresses. Part I. Driven Rigid Wheels,” Journal of Terramechanics, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1967.
S. Knight and D. Freitag, “Comments on Mobility Research,” SAE Paper No. 782B, 1964.
G. Krick, “Radial and Shear Stress Distribution Under Rigid Wheels and Pneumatic Tires Operating on Yielding Soils with Consideration of Tire Deformation,” Journal of Terramechanics, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 73–98, 1969.
L. L. Karafiath, “Soil-Tire Model for the Analysis of Off-Road Tire Performance,” Grumman Aerospace Corporation Research Department Memorandum RM-541, May 1972.
W.M. Home and U. T. Joyner, “Pneumatic Tire Hydroplaning and Some Effects on Vehicle Performance,” presented at the SAE International Automotive Engineering Congress, Detroit, Mich., January 11–15, 1965.
C. Gupta and A. Pandya, “Behavior of Soil Under Dynamic Loading: Its Application to Tillage Implements,” Transactions of the ASAE, pp. 352-358, 1967.
M. Mellor, “Properties of Snow,” U.S. Army Material Command, Hanover, New Hampshire, 1964.
M. G. Bekker, Theory of Land Locomotion, The University of Michigan Press, p. 277, 1956.
R. Moyer, “Braking and Traction Tests on Ice, Snow, and on Bare Pavements,” Highway Research Board, Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting, Washington, B.C., pp. 340–360, 1947.
R. Smith and D. Clough, “Effectiveness of Tires Under Winter Driving Conditions,” Highway Research Board, Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting, January 17–21, 1972.
M. Hvorslev, “The Basic Sinkage Equations and Bearing Capacity Theories,” Technical Report M-70-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1970.
T. Ikeda and S. Persson, “A Track Shoe for Soft Soil,” Transactions of the ASAE, pp. 746-749, 753, 1968.
D. Nordstrom, “Polytrac — A Unique Approach to Engineering Problems,” SAE Paper No. 720745, 1972.
S. Kinosita and E. Akitaya, “Classification of Snow and Ice on Roads,” Highway Research Board Special Report No. 115, 1970.
Anonymous, “Review Section: The Vehicle/Soil Relationship,” Automobile Abstracts, pp. 3-4, August 1971.
P. Schaerer, “Compaction or Removal of Wet Snow by Traffic,” Highway Research Board Special Report No. 115, 1970.
A. L. Browne, H. Cheng and A. Kistler, “Dynamic Hydroplaning of Pneumatic Tires,” Wear, 20 pp. 1-28 1972.
S. Weiss, W. Harrison, L. Abarca and M. Bekker, “Preliminary Study of Snow Values Related to Vehicle Performance,” Report No. 2, Land Locomotion Research Lab., 1956.
A. Assur, “Locomotion Over Soft Soil and Snow,” SAE Paper No. 782F, 1964.
C. Nuttall and R. McGowan, “Scale Models of Vehicles in Soils and Snows,” First International Conference on the Mechanics of Vehicle Soil Systems, Turin, Italy, 1961.
W. Harrison and T. Czako, “Over-Snow Vehicle Performance Studies,” U.S. Army Ordinancy Tank-Automotive Command RR-46, 1961.
F. Zoz and G. Steinbruegge, “Effect of Section Thickness on Shear Characteristics of an Artificial Soil,” Transactions of the ASAE, pp. 6-10, 1968.
S. Cho, H. Schwanghard and H. von Sybel, “The Spacing Effect of Track Shoes on Loose Soils,” Journal of Terramechanics, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 21–45, 1969.
M. Mellor, “Snow Mechanics,” Applied Mechanics Reviews, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 379–389, 1966.
P. Hobbs, “The Effect of Time on the Physical Properties of Deposited Snow,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 70, No. 16, pp. 3903–3907, 1965.
A. L. Browne, “Traction of Pneumatic Tires on Snow,” GM Research Publication GMR-1346, March 1, 1973.
K. Wiendieck, “Stress-Displacement Relations and Terrain-Vehicle Mechanics: A Critical Discussion,” Journal of Terramechanics, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 67–85, 1968.
M. G. Bekker, Introduction to Terrain Vehicle Systems, The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1969.
T. Liang and C. Yung, “A Microscopic Study of Tractive Performance of a Lugged Tire Operating on Sand,” Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 9, pp. 513–515, 1966.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1974 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Browne, A.L. (1974). Tire Traction on Snow-Covered Pavements. In: Hays, D.F., Browne, A.L. (eds) The Physics of Tire Traction. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1370-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1370-1_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1372-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1370-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive