Abstract
The ability to recognize “foreignness” seems to have been a very early development in phylogeny. It has been shown that discrimination can occur even with single-cell organisms. It is only in vertebrates, however, that the ability has been highly developed as regards both specificity and variety in the level of discrimination. This early form of discrimination was at the level of ingestion and destruction—a process which persists and is of prime importance even in vertebrates. To this was added the ability of multicell organisms to recognize “foreign” cells, with minor differences in specificity between self and nonself being of major importance. On this basis, the vertebrates again developed a rather more complex system—the ability to form a particular class of substance having great specificity, i.e., antibodies, against the inducing substances. In mammals, this culminated in the development of a variety of classes of antibodies, each one of which has specific properties which are of relevance in particular circumstances.
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Parish, C.R., Ada, G.L. (1972). Bacterial Flagellin as an Antigen and Immunogen. In: Inman, F.P. (eds) Contemporary Topics in Immunochemistry. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1343-5_3
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