Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Man-Made Chemical Perturbation of Lakes

  • Chapter
Lakes

Abstract

Pollution may be defined as an alteration of man’s surroundings in such a way as they become unfavorable to him. This implies that pollution is not solely a matter of the addition of contaminants or pollutants to the environment, but it can also result from other direct or indirect consequences of man’s actions. Most of the energy utilized by our industrial society for its own advantage (heat production, manipulation of the landscape, urban construction, agriculture, forestry, geological exploitations, construction of dams) ultimately affects the ecosystems and creates chemical perturbations. Man—as a terrestrial being—interferes primarily with the terrestrial environment; because of the interdependence of the land and water ecosystems and because of the extreme sensitivity of the latter, the stress imposed upon the environment by civilization becomes primarily reflected in the aquatic ecosystems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexander, M. (1975). Environmental and microbiological problems arising from recalcitrant molecules. Microbial. Ecol., 2: 17–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ambühl, H. (1975). Versuch der Quantifizierung der Beeinflussung des Oekosystems durch chemische Faktoren: Stehende Gewässer. Schweiz. Z. Hydrol., 37: 35–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aston, S. R., et al. (1973). Mercury in lake sediments: A possible indicator of technological growth. Nature, 241: 450–451.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baccini, P. (1976). Untersuchungen über den Schwermetall- haushalt in Seen. Schweiz. Z. Hydrol., 38: 121–158.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baccini, P., H. Hohl, and Th. Bundi. (1977). Phenomenology and modelling of heavy metal distribution in lakes. Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol. (In preparation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baccini, P., and P. V. Roberts. (1976). Die Belastung der Gewässer durch Metalle. Eine akute oder künftige Gefahr? Neue Zürcher Zeitung No. 40, 18 February 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beamisch, R. J., and J. C. Van Loon. (1977). Precipitation loading of acid and heavy metals to a small acid lake near Sudbury, Ontario. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 34: 649–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beeton, A. M. (1969). Changes in the environment and biota of the Great Lakes. Pp. 150–187. In: Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences, Correctives. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bundi, Th. (1977). Untersuchungen zur Aufnahme von Kupfer durch Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Abhängigkeit der Kupferspeziierung. Thesis Swiss Fed. Inst. Technol., Zurich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapra, St. C. (1977). Total phosphorus model for the Great Lakes. J. Env. Engr. Div. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., 103: 147–161.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiou, C. T., V. H. Freed, D. W. Schmedding, and R. L. Kohnert. (1977). Partition coefficient and bioaccumulation of selected organic chemicals. Envir. Sci. Technol., 11: 475–478.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cogbill, C. V. (1975). Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • Damiani, V., and R. L. Thomas. (1974). Mercury in the sediments of the Pallanza Basin. Nature, 251: 696–697.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Degens, E. T., A. Paluska, and E. Eriksson. (1976). Rates of soil erosion. Pp. 185–191. In: B. H. Svensson and R. Söderlund (eds.), Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur-Global Cycles. SCOPE Report 7, Ecol. Bull., Stockholm, Sweden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobzhansky, T. (1957). Evolution, Genetics and Man. Wiley, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, St. (1975). Chemically enhanced CO2 gas exchange in a eutrophic lake: A general model. Limnol. Oceanogr., 20: 743–753.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feth, J. H., C. E. Roberson, and W. L. Polzer. (1964). Sources of mineral constituents in water from granitic rocks, Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada. U.S. Geol. Surv. Water-Supply Paper 1535-I, 170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Förstner, U. (1976). Lake sediments as indicators of heavy-metal pollution. Naturwissenschaften, 63: 465.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Förstner, U., and G. Müller. (1974). Schwermetalle in Flüssen und Seen. Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Förstner, U., G. Müller, and G. Wagner. (1974). Schwermetalle in den Sedimenten des Bodensees. Naturwissenschaften, 61: 270–272.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gächter, R. (1976). Untersuchungen über die Beeinflussung der planktischen Photosynthese durch anorganische Metallsalze im eutrophen Alpnachersee und der mesotrophen Horwer Bucht. Schweiz. Z. Hydrol., 38: 97–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gächter, R., and O. J. Furrer. (1972). Der Beitrag der Landwirtschaft zur Eutrophierung der Gewässer in der Schweiz. I. Ergebnisse von direkten Messungen im Einzugsgebiet verschiedener Vorfluter. Schweiz. Z. Hydrol., 34: 41–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrels, R. M., and F. T. MacKenzie. (1967). Origin of the chemical compositions of some springs and lakes. Pp. 222–242. In: W. Stumm (ed.), Equilibrium Concepts of Natural Water Systems. Adv. Chem. Series 67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrets, R. M., and F. T. MacKenzie. (1971). Evolution of Sedimentary Rocks. W. W. Norton, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillette, R. (1974). Cancer and the environment (II): Groping for new remedies. Science, 186: 242.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, E. D. (1972). Man’s role in the major sedimentary cycle. Pp. 267–288. In: D. Dyrssen and D. Jagner (eds.), The Changing Chemistry of the Oceans. Almqvist malongxiang Wiksell, Stockholm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, E. D. (1976). The Health of the Oceans. Unesco Press, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grob, K., and G. Grob. (1973). Organische Stoffe in Zürichs Wasser. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 10 September 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagen, A., and A. Langeland. (1973). Polluted snow in southern Norway and the effect of the meltwater on freshwater and aquatic organisms. Envir. Poll., 5: 45–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, F. R., and J. E. Phillips. (1958). Lake water and sediment. IV. Radiophosphorus equilibrium with mud, plants, and bacteria under oxidized and reduced conditions. Limnol. Oceanogr., 3: 459–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendrey, G. R., and R. F. Wright. (1976). Acid precipitation in Norway: Effects on aquatic fauna. J. Great Lakes Res., 2: 192 (Suppl. 1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbie, J. E., and R. T. Wright. (1965). Bioassay with bacterial uptake kinetics: Glucose in freshwater. Limnol. Oceanogr., 10: 471–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hohl, H., and W. Stumm. (1976). Interaction of Pb2+ with hydrous y-AI2O3. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 55: 281–288.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hynes, H. B. N. (1960). The Biology of Polluted Waters. Liverpool Univ. Press., Liverpool.

    Google Scholar 

  • Imboden, D. M. (1973). Limnologische Transport-und Nährstoff-modelle. Schweiz. Z. Hydrol., 35: 29–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Imboden, D. M. (1974). Phosphorus model of lake eutrophication. Limnol. Oceanogr., 19: 297–304.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Imboden, D. M., and R. Gächter. (1975). Modelling and control of lake eutrophication. Proc. 6th Triennial World Congress Int. Fed. Automatic Control, August 1975. Part 3, Contribution No. 61. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Imboden, D. M., and R. Gächter. (1977). A dynamic lake model for trophic state prediction. Int. J. Ecolog. Modelling. (In press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Imboden, D. M., and W. Stumm. (1973). Der Einfluss des Menschen auf die geochemischen Kreisläufe in der Atmopshäre. Chimia, 27: 155–165.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jannasch, H. W. (1967). Growth of marine bacteria at limiting concentrations of organic carbon in seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr., 12: 264–271.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jernelöv, A. (1972). Factors in the transformation of mercury to methylmercury. Pp. 167–172. Mercury and food chains. Pp. 174–177. In: R. Hartung and B. D. Dinman (eds.), Environmental Mercury Contamination. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer, J. (1967). Equilibrium models and composition of the Great Lakes. Pp. 243–254. In: W. Stumm (ed.), Equilibrium Concepts of Natural Water Systems. Adv. Chem. Ser. 67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krummenacher, Th. (1976). Die Nährstoffbilanz des Alpnachersees. Thesis, Swiss Fed. Inst. Technol., Zurich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lane, P., and R. Levins. (1977). The dynamics of aquatic systems. 2. The effects of nutrient enrichment on model plankton communities. Limnol. Oceanogr., 22: 454–471.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leidner, H., R. Gloor, and K. Wuhrmann. (1976). Abbaukinetik linearer Alkylbenzolsulfonate. Tenside Deter., 13: 122–130.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, A. (1974). Eutrophication and water quality of lakes: Control by water residence time and transport to sediments. Hydrol. Sci. Bull., 19: 25–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, A., and G. J. Brunskill. (1971). Migration of major constituents from lake sediments into lake water and its bearing on lake water composition. Limnol. Oceanogr., 16: 880–890.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman, A., and R. R. Weiler. (1971). Diffusion of chloride and sodium in Lake Ontario sediment: 1. Ionic interactions and 2. accumulated amount of a reacting species. Earth Planet. Sci. Let., 13: 220–221.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li, Y. H. (1976). Population growth and environmental problems in Taiwan (Formosa): A case-study. Envir. Conserv., 3: 171–177.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Likens, G. E., and F. H. Bormann. (1974). Acid rain: A serious regional environmental problem. Science, 184: 1176–1179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lotka, A. J. (1924). Elements of Physical Biology. Corrected reprint by Dover Publications Inc., New York, NY, in 1956; new title: Elements of Mathematical Biology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margalef, R. (1973). Ecological theory and prediction in the study of interaction between man and the rest of the biosphere. Pp. 307–353. In: H. Sioli (ed.), Oekologie and Lebensschutz in internationaler Sicht (Ecology and Bioprotection: International Conclusions). Verlag Rombach, Freiburg/Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarty, P. L. (1971). Energetics and bacterial growth. Pp. 495–531. In: S. J. Faust and J. V. Hunter (eds.), Organic Compounds in Aquatic Environments. M. Dekker, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morel, F., R. E. McDuff, and J. H. Morgan. (1973). Interactions and chemostasis in aquatic chemical systems: Role of pH, pE, solubility, and complexation. Pp. 157–200. In: P. R. Singer (ed.), Trace Metals and Metal-Organic Interactions in Natural Waters. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morel, F., and J. J. Morgan. (1972). A numerical method for computing equilibria in aqueous chemical systems. Environ. Sci. Technol., 6: 58–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, J. J. (1967). Applications and limitations of chemical thermodynamics in water systems. Pp. 1–29. In: W. Stumm (ed.), Equilibrium Concepts of Natural Water Systems. Adv. Chem. Ser. 67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer, C. H. (1971). Chemical exchanges between sediments and water in the Great Lakes-speculations on probable regulatory mechanisms. Limnol. Oceanogr., 16: 387–404.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, J. W. (1975). The interaction of metal ions at the manganese dioxide-solution interface. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 39: 505–519.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odén, S., and T. Ahl. (1970). Ymer Arsbok 103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Page, T., R. H. Harris, and S. S. Epstein. (1976). Drinking water and cancer mortality in Louisiana. Science, 193: 55–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patrick, R., M. H. Hohn, and J. H. Wallace. (1954). A new method for determining the pattern of the diatom flora. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 259: 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridley, W. P., L. J. Dizikes, and J. M. Wood. (1977). Biomethylation of toxic elements in the environment. Science, 197: 329–339.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, P. V., H. R. Hegi, A. Weber, and H. R. Krähenbühl. (1977). Metals in municipal wastewater and their elimination in sewage treatment. IAWPR Workshop, Vienna, 1975. (In press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodhe, H. (1972). A study of the sulfur budget for the atmosphere over Northern Europe. Tellus, 24: 128–138.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santschi, P. (1975). Chemische Prozesse im Bielersee. The-sis, University of Berne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schindler, P. W. (1967). Heterogeneous equilibria involving oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and hydroxide carbonates. Pp. 196–221. In: W. Stumm (ed.), Equilibrium Concepts in Natural Water Systems. Adv. Chem. Ser. 67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schindler, D. W. (1974). Eutrophication and recovery in experimental lakes: Implications for lake management. Science, 184: 897–899.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schindler, P. W. (1976). The regulation of trace metal concentrations in natural water systems: A chemical approach. J. Great Lakes Res., 2: 132–145 (Suppl. 1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schindler, D. W. (1977). Evolution of phosphorus limitation in lakes. Science, 195: 260–262.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schindler, P. W., B. Fürst, R. Dick, and P. U. Wolf. (1976). Ligand properties of surface silanol groups. I. Surface complex formation with Fe3+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 55: 469–475.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scholz, A. T., R. M. Horrall, J. C. Cooper, and A. D. Hasler. (1976). Imprinting to chemical cues: The basis for home stream selection in salmon. Science, 192: 1247–1249.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shannon, E. E., and P. L. Brezonik. (1972). Relationship between lake trophic state and nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates. Environ. Sci. Technol., 6: 719–725.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, J. (1973). Blue-green algae: Why they become dominant. Science, 179: 382–384.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sillén, L. G., and A. E. Martell. (1964, 1971). Stability Constants of Metal-Ion Complexes. Chem. Soc. London, Special Publ. No. 17 and No. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sondheimer, E., and J. B. Simeone. (eds.). (1970). Chemical Ecology. Academic Press, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, J. H. (1974). The Structure of Marine Ecosystems. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stumm, W. (1977). What is the Pe of the Sea? Thalassia Jugoslavica. (In press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stumm, W., and P. A. Brauner. (1975). Chemical speciation. In: J. P. Riley and G. Skirrow (eds.), Chemical Oceanography. Vol. I, 2nd edition. Academic Press, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stumm, W., H. Hohl, and F. Dalang. (1976). Interaction of metal ions with hydrous oxide surfaces. Croatica Chem. Acta, 48: 491–504.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stumm, W., and J. J. Morgan. (1970). Aquatic Chemistry. Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stumm, W., and E. Stumm-Zollinger. (1971). Chemostasis and homeostasis in aquatic ecosystems; principles of water pollution control. In: J. D. Hem (ed.), Non-Equilibrium Systems in Natural Waters. Adv. Chem. Series 106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sunda, W., and R. R. L. Guillard. (1976). The relationship between cupric ion activity and the toxicity of copper to phytoplankton. J. Marine Res., 34: 511–529.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tessenow, U. (1974). Lösungs-, Diffusions-und Sorptionsprozesse in der Oberschicht von Seesedimenten. IV. Reaktionsmechanismen und Gleichgewichte im System Eisen-Mangan-Phosphat im Hinblick auf die Vivianitakkumulation im Ursee. Arch. Hydrobiol., 47: 1–79 (Suppl.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tessenow, U. (1975). Akkumulationsprozesse in der Maximaltiefe von Seen durch postsedimentäre Konzentrationswanderung. Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol., 19: 1251–1262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, R. L. (1972). The distribution of mercury in the sediments of Lake Ontario. Can. J. Earth Sci., 9: 636–651.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thorstenson, D. C. (1970). Equilibrium distribution of small organic molecules in natural waters. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 34: 745–770.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tschopp, J. (1977). Thesis, Swiss Fed. Inst. Technol., Zurich (to be published).

    Google Scholar 

  • Turekian, K. K. (1969). The oceans, streams, and atmosphere. Pp. 297–323. In: K. H. Wedepohl (ed.), Handbook of Geochemistry. Vol. I. Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernet, J. P. (1972). Levels of mercury in the sediments of some Swiss lakes including Lake Geneva and the Rhone River. Eclogae Geol. Helv., 65: 293.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vollenweider, R. A. (1968). Scientific Fundamentals of the Eutrophication of Lakes and Flowing Waters, with Particular Reference to Nitrogen and Phosphorus as Factors in Eutrophication. Technical Report DAS/CSl/68. 27 OECD, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vollenweider, R. A. (1969). Möglichkeiten und Grenzen elementarer Modelle der Stoffbilanz von Seen. Arch. Hydrobiol., 66: 1–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, D. E., J. D. Hem, and G. A. Waring. (1963). Chemical composition of subsurface waters. U.S. Geol. Survey Profess. Paper 440 F, 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. D. H., J.-M. Jacquet, and R. L. Thomas. (1976). Forms of phosphorus in the surficial sediments of Lake Erie. J. Fish. Res. Can., 33: 413–429.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winchester, J. W., and G. D. Nifong. (1971). Water pollution in Lake Michigan by trace elements from pollution aerosol fallout. Water, Air Soil Poll., 1: 50–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winner, R. W., J. Scott van Dyke, N. Caris, and M. P. Farrel. (1974). Response of the macroinvertebrate fauna to a copper gradient in an experimentally-polluted stream. Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol., 19: 2121–2127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, J. M. (1975). Biological cycles for elements in the

    Google Scholar 

  • environment. Naturwissenschaften,62:357–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (1976). Health Hazards fromNew Environmental Pollutants. Technical Report Series 586, Geneva.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, R. F., and E. T. Gjessing. (1976). Changes in the chemical composition of lakes. Ambio, 5: 219–223.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wuhrmann, K. (1972). Stream purification. In: R. Mitchell (ed.), Water Pollution Microbiology. Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuhrmann, K. (1973). Bedeutung der Mikroorganismen für aquatische Stoffkreisläufe. Pathol. Microbiol., 39: 55–70.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wuhrmann, K. (1976a). Chemical impact on inland aquatic ecosystems. Pure Appl. Chem., 45: 193–198.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wuhrmann, K. (1976b). Grenzen der mikrobiellen Selbstreinigung der Oberflächengewässer und ihre Konsequenzen für die Trinkwasseraufbereitung. Gas-Wasser-Abwasser, 57: 184–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuhrmann, K., and E. Eichenberger. (1975). Experiments on the effects of inorganic enrichment of rivers on periphyton primary production. Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol., 19: 2028–2034.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. W. Stumm
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Baccini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University, 60201, Evanston, Illinois, USA

    Abraham Lerman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stumm, W., Baccini, P. (1978). Man-Made Chemical Perturbation of Lakes. In: Lerman, A. (eds) Lakes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1152-3_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1152-3_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-1154-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-1152-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation