Skip to main content

Regulation of Energy Balance in the Golden Hamster

  • Chapter
The Hamster

Abstract

This selective review of structure and function of hamster gastrointestinal tract is presented on the assumption that peculiarities of this system hold the clue to peculiarities of hamster feeding and energy regulation. Where information on the golden hamster was not available, data from closely related species are substituted. The hamster gastrointestinal tract is outlined in Fig. 1. Not shown in Fig. 1 are the mouth region with cheek pouches and salivary glands. Hamsters have internal cheek pouches as do some squirrels, three other genera of true hamsters, and three genera of African Muridae and African gerbil. They use pouches to transport food. Pouches are highly vascular and can be used as a site for endocrine gland homografts (Handler and Shepro, 1968).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adolph, E. F., and Lawrow, J. W., 1951, Acclimatization to cold air, hypothermia and heat production in the golden hamster, Am. J. Physiol. 166: 62–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aktories, K., Schultz, G., and Jakobs, K. H., 1980, Regulation of adenylate cyclase in hamster adipocytes, Naunyn-Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol. 312: 167–173.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aktories, K., Schultz, G., and Jakobs, K. H., 1981, The hamster adipocyte adenylate cyclase system. 11. Regulation of enzyme stimulation, and inhibition by monovalent cations, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 676: 59–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, K. E., Kok, E., and Javitt, N., 1972, Bile acid synthesis in man: Metabolism of 7ce-hydroxycholesterol-c“C and 26-hydroxycholesterol-H3, J. Clin. Invest. 51: 112–117.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arimura, A., Sato, H., Dupont, A., Nishi, N., and Schally, A. V., 1975, Somatostatin: Abundance of immunoreactive hormone in rat stomach and pancreas, Science 189: 1007–1009.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Balas, D., Senegas-Balas, F., Bertrand, C., Frexinos, J., and Ribet, A., 1980, Effects of pancreatic duct

    Google Scholar 

  • ligation on the hamster intestinal mucosa. Histological findings, Digestion 20: 157–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banta, C. A., Warner, R. G., and Robertson, J. B., 1975, Protein nutrition of the golden hamster, J. Nutr, 105: 38–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baranczuk, R., and Greenwald, G. S., 1974, Plasma levels of oestrogen and progesterone in pregnant and lactating hamsters, J. Endocrinol. 63: 125–135.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bareness, T. J., and Wade, G., 1984, Photoperiodic control of body weight and energy metabolism in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus): Role of pineal gland, melatonin, gonads and diet, Endocrinology 114: 49 2498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartness, T. J., Ruby, N. F., and Wade, G. N., 1984, Dietary obesity in exercising or cold-exposed Syrian hamsters, Phisiol. Behar. 32: 85–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, T. R., Anderson, R. R., and Turner, C. W., 1968, Thyroid hormone secretion rates and food consumption of the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) at 25.5°C and 4.5°C, Gen. Comp. Endocrinal. 10: 92–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Menahem, H., 1934, Notes Sur l’elevage du hamster de Syrie, Arch. Inst. Pasteur Alger. 12: 403.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernardis, L. L., and Frohman, L. A., 1971, Effects of hypothalamic lesions at different loci on development of hyperinsulineuria and obesity in the weanling rat, J. Camp. Neurol. 141: 107–116.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berndtson, W. E., and Desjardins, C., 1974, Circulating LH and FSH levels and testicular function in hamsters during light deprivation and subsequent photoperiodic stimulation, Endocrinology 95: 195–205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, C. R., 1945, The golden hamster (Cricetus auratus): Care, breeding and growth, Physiol. Zool. 18: 52–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., 1974, Absence of weight regulation in exercising hamsters, Physiol. Behay. 12: 589–597.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., 1980, Characteristics of growth-inducing exercise, Physiol. Behay. 24: 713–720.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., 1982, The nonhomeostatic motivation to run in the golden hamster, in: Changing Concepts of the Nervous System ( A. R. Morrison and P. L. Strick, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 539–567.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., and Kelch, R. P., 1978, Increased serum growth hormone and somatic growth in exercising adult hamsters, Am. J. Physiol. 234: E611 - E616.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., and Kooi, A. A., 1975, Regulatory defense of the exercise-induced weight elevation in hamsters, Behay. Biol. 13: 301–310.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., and Kuhns, L. R., 1977, Radiographic evidence for acceleration of skeletal growth in adult hamsters by exercise, Growth 41: 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Kelch, R. P., White, M. P., Dolson, L., and Kuhns, L. R., 1977, The role of septal area in the neuroendocrine control of growth in golden hamsters, Neuroendocrinology 23: 133–150.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Kelch, R. P., Peugh, J., and Huseman, C., 1979a, Increased serum growth hormone and somatic growth in adult hamsters with hippocampal transections, Neuroendocrinology 29: 22–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Peters, N. L., Kelch, R. P., Tsai, A. C., and Holder, S., 19796, Contribution of growth, fatness and activity to weight disturbance following septohypothalamic cuts in adult hamsters, J. Comp. Physiol. Psycho!. 93: 907–918.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Rowland, N., Mirow, A., Borer, R. C., Jr., and Kelch, R. P., 1979e, Physiological and behavioral responses to starvation in the golden hamster, Am. J. Physiol. 236: E105 - E112.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Hallfrisch, J., Tsai, A. C., Hallfrisch, C., and Kuhns, L. R., 1979d, The effects of exercise and dietary protein on somatic growth, body composition, and serum cholesterol in adult hamsters, J. Nutr. 109: 222–228.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Trulson, M. E., and Kuhns, L. R., 1979e, The role of limbic system in the control of hamster growth, Brain Res. Bull. 4: 239–247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Campbell, C. S., Gordon, K., Jorgenson, K., and Tabor, J., 1981, Exercise reinstates estrous cycles in hamsters maintained in short photoperiods, Program, Society for Neuroscience 11th Annual Meeting, Los Angeles, California, October 18–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Kelch, R. P., and Corley, K., 1982a, Hamster prolactin: Physiological changes in blood and pituitary concentrations as measured by a homologous radioimmunoassay, Neuroendocrinology 35: 13–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Kelch, R. P., and Hayashida, T., 19826, Hamster growth hormone: Species specificity and physiological changes in blood and pituitary concentrations as measured by a homologous radioimmunoassay, Neuroendocrinology 35: 349–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Segal, S., Vinik, A. I., and Shapiro, B., 1982c, Growth-inducing hippocampal transections affect limbic and gastrointentinal somatostatin and limbic choline acetyltransferase concentrations in hamsters, Program, Society for Neuroscience 12th annual meeting, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, October 31—November 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Allen, E. A., and Moffatt, R. V., 1982d, Not by food alone (regulation of energy balance in the hamster). Symposium, “Recent Advances in the Neuroscience of Ingestive Behavior.” Program, Fifty-third annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Baltimore, Maryland, April 1417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Potter, C. D., and Fileccia, N., 1983a, Basis for hypoactivity that accompanies rapid weight gain in hamsters, Physiol. Behay. 30: 389–397.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Campbell, C. S., Tabor, J., Jorgenson, K., Kandarian, S., and Gordon, L., 19836, Exercise reverses photoperiodic anestrus in golden hamsters. Biol. Reprod. 29: 38–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Shapiro, B., and Vinik, A. I., 19836, A role for somatostatin in the control of hamster growth, Brain Res. Bull. 11: 663–669.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borer, K. T., Allen, E. R., Smalley, R. E., Lundell, L., and Stockton, J., 1985, Recovery from energy deficit in the golden hamsters, Am. J. Physiol. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bray, G. A., 1974, Endocrine factors in the control of food intake, Fed. Prot. 33: 1140–1145.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Browne, S. A. H., and Borer, K. T., 1978, The basis for exercise-induced hyperphagia in adult hamsters, Physiol. Behay. 20: 553–557.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, H. M., and Hindle, E., 1934, The golden hamster Cricetus (Mesocricetus) auratus Waterhouse. Notes on its breeding and growth, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 2: 361–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bunnell, B. N., Sodetz, F. J., and Shalloway, D. I., 1970, Amygdaloid lesions and social behavior in the golden hamster, Physiol. Behay. 5: 153–161.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buschmann, R. J., and Manke, D. J., 1981a, Morphometric analysis of the membranes and organelles of small intestinal enterocytes. I. Fasted Hamster, J. Ultrastruct. Research 76: 1–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buschmann, R. J., and Manke, D. J., 198 lb, Morphometric analysis of the membranes and organelles of small intestinal enterocytes. II. Lipid-fed hamster, J. Ultrastruct. Res. 76: 15–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, C. S., Tabor, J., and Davis, J. D., 1983, Small effect on brown adipose tissue and major effect of photoperiod on body weight in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), Physiol. Behay. 30: 349–352.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canguilhem, B., Schmitt, P., Mack, G., and Kempf, E., 1977, Comportement alimentaire, rhythmes circannuels ponderal et d’hibernation chez le hamster d’Europe porteur de lesions des faisceaux noradrenergiques ascendants, Physiol. Behay. 18: 1067–1074.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassuto, Y., 1968, Metabolic adaptations to chronic heat exposure in the golden hamster, Am. J. Physiol. 214: 1147–1151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassuto, Y., and Amit, Y., 1968, Thyroxine and norepinephrine effects on the metabolic rates of heat-acclimated hamsters, Endocrinology 82: 17–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassuto, Y., and Chaffee, R. J., 1966, Effects of prolonged heat exposure on the cellular metabolism of the hamster, Am. J. Physiol. 210: 423–426.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassuto, Y., Chayoth, R., and Rabi, T., 1970, Thyroid hormone in heat-acclimated hamsters, Am. J. Physiol. 218: 1287–1290.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassuto, Y., Chayoth, R., and Zor, V., 1974, Carbohydrate metabolism of heat-acclimated hamsters. IV. Hormonal control, Am. J. Physiol. 227: 851–853.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaffee, R. R. J., Hoch, F. L., and Lyman, C. P., 1961, Mitochondrial oxidative enzymes and phosphorylations in cold exposure and hibernation, Am. J. Physiol. 201: 29–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaffee, R. R. J., Atzet, J. E., and Kelly, K. H., 1962, Effect of multiple vs. single caging on body and organ growth during cold acclimatization, Am. Zool. 2: 511–512.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chayoth, R., and Cassuto, Y., 197 la, Carbohydrate metabolism in heat-acclimated hamsters. I. Control of glycogenesis in the liver, Am. J. Physiol. 220: 1067–1070.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chayoth, R., and Cassuto, Y., 197 lb, Carbohydrate metabolism of heat-acclimated hamsters. II. Regulatory mechanisms of the intact animal, Am. J. Physiol. 220: 1071–1073.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curry, D. L., Bennett, L. L., and Li, A. H., 1975, Dynamics of insulin release of perfused hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) pancreases: Effects of hypophysectomy, bovine and human growth hormone and prolactin, J. Endocrinol. 68: 245–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Bont, A. J., Romsos, D. R., Tsai, A. C., Waterman, R. A., and Leveille, G. A., 1975, Influence of alterations in meal frequency on lipogenesis and body fat content in the rat, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 169: 849–854.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denyes, A., and Baumber, J., 1965, Comparison of serum total lipid during cold exposure in hibernating and nonhibernating mammals, Nature (London) 205: 1063–1064.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denyes, A., and Carter, J. D., 1961, Utilization of acetate 1-(14C) by hepatic tissues from cold-exposed and hibernating hamsters, Am. J. Physiol. 200: 1043–1046.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DiBattista, D., 1982, Effects of 5-thioglucose on feeding and glycemia in the hamster, Physiol. Behay. 29: 803–806.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DiBattista, D., 1983, Food deprivation and insulin-induced feeding in the hamster, Physiol. Behay. 30: 683687.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiBattista, D., 1984, Characteristics of insulin-induced hyperphagia in the golden hamster, Physiol. Behay. 32: 381–387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Girolamo, M., and Rudman, D., 1966, Species differences in glucose metabolism and glucose responsiveness of adipose tissue, Am. J. Physiol. 210: 721–727.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dinda, P. K., and Beck, I. T., 1982, Effect of ethanol on peptidases of hamster jejunal brush-border membrane, Am. J. Physiol. 242: G442 — G447.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dinda, P. K., Hurst, R. O., and Tibeck, I., 1979, Effect of ethanol on disaccharidases of hamster jejunal brush border membrane, Am. J. Physiol. 237: E68 — E76.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Docke, F., 1977, A possible mechanism of the puberty-delaying effect of hippocampal lesions in female rats, Endokrinologie 69: 258–261.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehle, F. E., and Warner, R. G., 1978, Nutritional implications of the hamster forestomach, J. Nutr. 108: 1047–1053.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, G. B., and Turek, F. W.,1979, Changes in locomotor activity associated with the photoperiodic response of the testes in male golden hamsters, J. Comp. Physiol, 132: 277–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, A. N., Nicolaidis, S., and Miselis, R., 1975, The glucoprivic control of food intake and glucostatic theory of feeding behavior, in: Neural Integration of Physiological Mechanisms and Behavior (G. J. Mogenson and F. R. Calaresu, eds. ), University of Toronto Press, pp. 148–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fawcett, D. W., and Lyman, C. P., 1954, The effect of low environmental temperature on the composition of depot fat in relation to hibernation, J. Physiol. 126: 235–247.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feder, H. H., Siegel, H., and Wade, G. N., 1974, Uptake of (6, 7–3H1 estradiol-1713 in ovariectomized rats, guinea pigs, and hamsters: Correlation with species difference in behavioral responsiveness to estradiol, Brain Res. 71: 93–103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, J. M., and Lebowitz, H. E., 1973, Role of pancreatic monoamines in the impaired insulin secretion of the fasting state, Endocrinology 92: 1469–1474.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, J. M., Henderson, J. H., and Blalock, J. A., 1979, Effect of pharmacological agents and fasting on pancreatic islet norepinephrine in the golden hamster, Diabetologia 17: 169–174.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, A., 1978, Food intake and body weight regulation during the reproductive cycle of the golden hamster (Mesocrieltur auratus), Behay. Biol. 24: 291–306.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fleming, A. S., and Miceli, M. 0., 1983, Effects of diet on feeding and body weight regulation and during pregnancy and lactation in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), Behay. Neurosci. 97: 246–254.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. E., McElligott, T. F., and Beck, I. T., 1978a, The correlation of ethanol-induced depression of glucose and water transport with morphological changes in the hamster jejunum in vivo, Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 56: 123–131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. E., McElligott, T. F., and Beck, I. T., 19786, Effect of ethanol on the morphology of hamster jejunum, Am. J. Digest. Dis. 23: 201–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, J. E., Bourdages, R., and Beck, I. T., 1978c, Effect of ethanol on glucose and water absorption in hamster jejunum in vivo. Methodological problems: Anesthesia, nonabsorbable markers, and osmotic effect, Am. J. Digest Dis. 23: 193–200.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frohman, L. A., and Bernardis, L. L., 1968, Growth hormone and insulin levels in weanling rats with rostromedial hypothalamic lesions, Endocrinology 82: 1125–1132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frohman, L. A., Bernardis, L. L., Schnatz, J. D. C., and Burek, L., 1969, Plasma insulin and triglyceride levels after hypothalamic lesions in weanling rats. Am. J. Physiol. 276: 1496–1501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujimoto, S., Hattori, J., Kimoto, K., Yamashita, S., Fujita, S., and Kawai, K., 1980, Tritrated thymidine autoradiographic study on origin and renewal of gastrin cells in antral area of hamsters, Gastroenterology 79: 785–791.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galeazzi, R., and Javitt, N. B., 1977, Bile acid secretion: The alternate pathway in the hamster, J. Clin. Invest. 60: 693–701.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerall, A. A., and Thiel, A. R., 1975, Effects of perinatal gonadal secretions on parameters of receptivity and weight gain in hamsters, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 89: 580–589.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giudicelli, Y., Agli, B., Brulle, D., and Nordman, R., 1977, Influence of a-adrenergic blocking agents on

    Google Scholar 

  • cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP and lipolysis in hamster white fat cells, FEBS Lett. 83:225–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman, J. K., Bernardis, L. L., and Frohman, L. A., 1974, Food intake in hypothalamic obesity, Am. J. Physiol. 227: 88–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granados, H., 1951, Nutritional studies on growth and reproduction of the golden hamster (Mesocricet auratus auratus), Acta Physiol. Scand. 24 (suppl. 87): 1–138.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granneman, J. G., and Wade, G. N., 1982, Effects of photoperiod and castration on post-fast food intake and body weight gain in golden hamsters, Physiol. Behay. 28: 847–850.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grey, N. J., Goldring, S., and Kipnis, D. M., 1970, The effect of fasting, diet, and actinomycin D on insulin secretion in the rat, J. Clin. Invest. 48: 881–887.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hales, C. N., and Kennedy, G. C., 1964, Plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acids and insulin concentration in hypothalamic-hyperphagic rats, Biochem. J. 90: 620–624.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, C. L., 1969, Problems of refeeding after starvation in the rat, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 157: 1004–1017.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, J. W., and Hogan, A. G., 1944, Nutritional requirements of the Syrian hamster, J. Nutr. 27: 213.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han, P. W., and Frohman, L. A., 1970, Hyperinsulinemia in tube-fed hypophysectomized rats bearing hypothalamic lesions, Am. J. Physiol. 217: 1632.

    Google Scholar 

  • Handler, A. N., and Shepro, D., 1968, Cheek pouching technology: Uses and applications, in: The Golden Hamster: Its Biology and Use in Medical Research, ( R. A. Hoffman, P. T. Robinson, and H. Magalhaes, eds.), The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, pp. 195–201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hattori, T., and Fujita, S., 1976, Tritiated thymidine autoradiographie study of cell migration and renewal in the pyloric mucosa of golden hamsters, Cell Tissue Res. 175: 49–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heldmaier, G., Steinlecher, S., Rafael, J., and Vsiansky, P., 1981, Photoperiodic control and effects of melatonin on nonshivering thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue, Science 212: 917–919.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helgeson, A. S., Pour, P., Lawson, T., and Grandjean, C. J., 1980a, Exocrine pancreatic secretion in the Syrian golden hamster Mesocricetus auratus. I. Basic values, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 66A: 473–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helgeson, A. S., Pour, P., Lawson, T., and Grandjean, C. J., 19806, Exocrine pancreatic secretion in the Syrian golden hamster Mesocricetus auratus. Il. Effect of secretin and pancreozymin, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 66A: 479–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hissa, R., Palokangas, R., and Vihko, V., 1974, Effects of propranolol, noradrenaline and insulin on fat mobilization in the golden hamster, Comp. Gen. Pharmacol. 5: 207–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, K. J., 1979, Circadian rhythm of cholesterol biosynthesis. Dietary regulation in the liver and small intestine of hamsters, Int. J. Chronobiol. 6: 39–50.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoebel, B. G., and Teitelbaum, P., 1966, Weight regulation in normal and hypothalamic hyperphagic rats, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 61: 189–193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, R. A., 1983, Seasonal growth and development and the influence of the eyes and pineal gland on body weight of golden hamsters (M. Auratus), Growth 47: 109–121.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, R. A., Hester, R. J., and Towns, C., 1965, Effect of light and temperature on the endocrine system of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse), Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 15: 525–533.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, R. A., Davidson, K., and Steinberg, K., 1982, Influence of photoperiod and temperature on weight gain, food consumption, fat pads and thyroxine in male golden hamster, Growth 46: 150–162.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoover, W. H., Mannings, C. L., and Sheerin, H. W., 1969, Observations on digestion in the golden hamster, J. Anim. Sci. 28: 349–352.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • House, E. L., and Tassoni, J. P., 1957, Duration of alloxan diabetes in the hamster, Endocrinology 61: 309–311.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hustvedt, B. E., and Lov¢, K., 1972, Correlation between hyperinsulinemia and hyperphagia in rats with rostromedial hypothalamic lesions, Acta Physiol. Scand. 84: 29–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, D. L., 1945, Food habits of the golden hamster, J. Mammal. 26: 199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakobs, K. H., and Aktories, K., 1981, The hamster adipocyte adenylate cyclase system. I. Regulation of enzyme stimulation and inhibition by manganese and magnesium ions, Biochem. Biophys. Acta 676: 51–58.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jalowiec, J. E., Panksepp, J., Shabelshelowitz, H., Zolovick, A. J., Stern, W. C., and Morgane, P., 1973, Suppression of feeding in cats following 2-deoxy-D glucose, Physiol. Behay. 10: 805–807.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jansky, L., 1973, Non-shivering thermogenesis and its thermoregulatory significance, Biol. Rev, 48: 85–132.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janzen, W. B., and Bunnell, B. N., 1976, Septal lesions and the recovery of function in the juvenile hamster, Physiol. Behar. 16: 445–452.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jewell, H. A., and Charipper, H. A., 1951, The morphology of the pancreas of the golden hamster, Cricetus auratus, with special reference to the histology and cytology of the islets of Langerhans, Anat. Rec. 111: 401–415.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S. B., and Musacchia, X. J., 1976, Norepinephrine turnover in heart and spleen of 7-, 22- and 34°C-acclimated hamsters, Am. J. Physiol. 230: 564–568.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, M. M., and Meier, A. H., 1974, Circadian component in the fattening and reproductive responses to prolactin in the hamster, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 146: 1150–1155.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kandarian, S., 1983, Exercise-induced reproductive and physiological changes in anestrus hamsters: The role of prolactin, unpublished masters thesis, University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kodama, A. M., and Pace, N., 1963, Cold-dependent changes in tissue fat composition, Fed. Proc. 22: 76 1765.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kodama, A. M., and Pace, N., 1964, Effect of environmental temperature on hamster body fat composition, J. Appl. Physiol. 19: 863–867.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kowalewski, K., 1969, Effect of pre-pubertal gonadectomy and treatment with sex hormones on body growth, weight of organs and skin collagen in hamsters, Acta Endocrinol. 61: 48–56.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kronheim, S., Berelowitz, M., and Pimstone, B. L., 1976, A radioimmunoassay for growth hormone

    Google Scholar 

  • release-inhibitory hormone: Method and quantitative tissue distribution, Clin. Endocrinol. 5: 619–630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunstyr, I., 1974, Some quantitative and qualitative aspects of the stomach microflora of the conventional rat and hamster, Zbl. Vet. Med. A. 21: 553–561.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kutscher, C. L., 1969, Species differences in the interaction of feeding and drinking, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 157: 539–552.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Landau, T., and Zucker, I., 1976, Estrogenic regulation of body weight in the female rat, Horm. Behay. 7: 29–39.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lotter, E. C., and Woods, S. C., 1977, Injections of insulin and changes of body weight, Physiol. Behay. 18: 293–297.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Louis-Sylvestre, J., LaRue-Achagiotis, C., and Le Magnen, J., 1980, Oral induction of the insulin hyperresponsiveness in rats with rostromedial hypothalamic lesions, Horm. Metab. Res. 12: 671–676.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • L¢v0, A., and Hustvedt, B. E., 1978, Early effects of feeding upon hormonal and metabolic alterations in adult rats with rostromedial lesions, Horm. Metab. Res. 10: 304–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lyman, C. P., 1948, The oxygen consumption and temperature regulation of hibernating hamsters, J. Exp. Zool. 109: 55–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyman, C. P., 1954, Activity, Food consumption and hoarding in hibernators, J. Mammal. 35: 545–552.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacKay, E. M., Calloway, J. W., and Barnes, R. H., 1940, Hyperalimentation in normal animals produced by protamine insulin, J. Nutr. 20: 59–66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malan, A., 1969, Controle hypothalamique de la thermoregulation et de;’hibernation chez le hamster d’Europe, Cricetus cricetus, Arch. Sri. Physiol. 23: 47–87.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malsbury, C. W., Kow, L.-M., and Pfaff, D. W., 1977, Effects of medial hypothalamic lesions on the lordosis response and other behaviors in female hamster, Physiol. Behay. 19: 223–237.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malsbury, C. W., Strull, D., and Daood, J., 1978, Half-cylinder cuts anterolateral to the ventromedial nucleus reduce sexual receptivity in female golden hamsters, Physiol. Behar. 21: 79–87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malsbury, C. W., Marques, D. M., and Daood, J. T., 1979, Sagittal knife cuts in the far-lateral hypothalamus reduce sexual receptivity in female hamsters, Brain Res. Bull. 4: 833–842.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manda, T., and Matsumoto, T., 1973a, Effect of estrogenic substances in herbage on the organ weight and body composition of intact female and orchiectomized hamsters, Jpn. J. Zootech. Sri. 44: 11–18.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manda, T., and Matsumoto, T., 19736, Effect of estrogenic substances in herbage on the growth of the golden hamster, Jpn. J. Zootech. Sri. 44: 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manda, T., and Matsumoto, T., 1973e, Changes of organ weight and body composition of hamsters after oral administration of estrogenic substances in herbage, Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci. 44: 367–374.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manda, T., and Matsumoto, T., 1973d, Studies on estrogenic substances in herbage. V. Comparative test of growth promoting effect of various herbage extract on the golden hamster, J. Jpn. Soc. Grassland Sri. 19: 389–393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manda, T., and Matsumoto, T., 1973e, Effect of estrogenic substances in herbage on organ weight and body composition of intact male and spayed hamsters, Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci. 44: 97–104.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manda, T., and Matsumoto, T., 1973f, Studies on estrogenic substances in herbage. VI. Seasonal variation of growth promoting effect of alfalfa extract on the golden hamster, J. Jpn. Soc. Grassland Sci. 19: 394–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangold, E., 1929, Handbuch der Ernahrung und des Staffwechsel der Landwirtschaftlichen Nutztiere, Bd. II., Julius Springer, Berlin, p. 321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks, H. E., and Miller, C. R., 1972, Development of hypothalamic obesity in the male golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as a function of food preference, Psychos. Sci. 27: 263–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matalka, E. S., 1967, The hoarding behavior and food intake of the hamster following hypothalamic and limbic forebrain lesions, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh, C., Arnold, R., Bothe, E., Becker, H., Köbberling, J., and Creutzfeldt, W., 1978, Gastrointestinal somatostatin: Extraction and radioimmunoassay in different species, Gut 19: 655–663.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, A. H., 1972, Temporal synergism of prolactin and adrenal steroids in the regulation of fat storage, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. (Suppl) 3: 499–508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meier, A. H., and Davis, K. B., 1967, Diurnal variations of the fattening response to prolactin in the white-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 8: 110–114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meier, A. H., and MacGregor III, R., 1972, Temporal organization in avian reproduction, Am. Zool. 12: 257–271.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meiske, J. C., Salsburg, R. L., Hoefer, J. A., and Luecke, R. W., 1958, Effect of starvation and refeeding on some activities of rumen microorganisms in vitro, J. Anim. Sri. 17: 774–781.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miceli, M. O., and Fleming, A. G., 1983, Variation of fat intake with estrous cycle, ovariectomy and estradiol replacement in hamsters (Mesocricetus aerates) eating a fractionated diet, Physiol. Behay. 30: 415–420.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minor, J. G., Folk, G. E., and Dryer, B. L., 1973, Changes in triglyceride composition of white and brown adipose tissues during developing cold acclimation of the golden hamster, Mesocricetus aerates, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 46B: 375–385.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J. A., Smyrl, R., Hutchins, M., Schindler, W. J., and Critchlow, V., 1972, Plasma growth hormone levels in rats with increased naso-anal length due to hypothalamic surgery, Neuroendocrinology 10: 31–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J. A., Hutchins, M., Schindler, W. J., and Critchlow, V., 1973, Increase in plasma growth hormone concentration and nasoanal length in rats following isolation of medial basal hypothalamus, Neuroendocrinology 12: 161–173.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moffatt, R. J., 1984, The effect of chronic exercise and retirement from chronic exercise and the regulation of body energy balance by the adult female golden hamster, Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morin, L. P., and Fleming, A. S., 1978, Variation of food intake and body weight with estrous cycle, ovariectomy, and estradiol benzoate treatment in hamsters (Mesocricetus aerates), J. Comp. Physiol. Psycho!. 92: 1–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, H. M., Wideman, C. H., and Brown, T. S., 1972, Liver glycogen levels in rats with limbic lesions, Physiol. Behay. 8: 1171–1174.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nace, P. F., House, E. L., and Tassoni, O. P., 1956, Alloxan diabetes in the hamster. Dosage and blood curves, Endocrinology 58: 305–308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nedergaard, J., 1982, Catecholamine sensitivity in brown fat cells from cold-acclimated hamsters and rats, Am. J. Physiol. 242: C250 - C257.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nedergaard, J., and Lindberg, 0., 1979, Norepinephrine-stimulated fatty-acid release and oxygen consumption in isolated hamster brown-fat cells, Cur. J. Biochem. 95: 139–145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholls, D. G., 1976, Hamster brown adipose tissue mitochondria. Purine nucleotide control of the ion conductance of the inner membrane, the nature of the nucleotide binding site, Eur. J. Biochem. 62: 223–228.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicoski, D. R., and Borer, K. T., 1983, Growth-induced changes in the pulsatile pattern of growth hormone secretion in the hamster: The involvement of endogenous opiates, program, Society for Neuroscience 13th Annual Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, November 6–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogrowsky, D., Fawcett, J., Althoff, J., Wilson, R. B., and Pour, P., 1980, Structure of the pancreas in Syrian hamsters. Scanning electron-microscopic observations, Acta Anat. 107: 121–128.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olefsky, J. M., 1977a, Insensitivity of large rat adipocytes to the antilipolytic effects of insulin, J. Lipid Res. 18: 459–464.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olefsky, J. M., 19776, Mechanisms of decreased insulin responsiveness of large adipocytes, Endocrinology 100: 1169–1177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orsini, M. W., 1961, The external vaginal phenomena characterizing the stages of the estrous cycle, pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, lactation, and the anestrous hamster, Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse, Proc. Anim. Care Panel 11: 193–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panuska, J. A., and Wade, N. J., 1958, Hibernation in Mesocricetus auratus, J. Mammal. 39: 298–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pecquery, R., and Giudicelli, Y., 1980, Heterogeneity and subcellular localization of hamster adipocyte aadrenergic receptors, FEBS Lett. 116: 85–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pecquery, R., Malagrida, L., and Guidicelli, Y., 1979, Direct biochemical evidence for the existence of aadrenergic receptors in hamster white adipocyte membranes, FEBS Lett. 98: 241–246.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Permutt, M. A., and Kipnis, D. M., 1975, Insulin biosynthesis and secretion, Fed. Proc. 34: 1549–1555.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters, R. R., and Tucker, H. A., 1978, Prolactin and growth hormone responses to photoperiod in heifers, Endocrinology 103: 229–234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters, R. R., Chapin, L. J., Leining, K. B., and Tucker, H., 1978, Supplemental lighting stimulates growth and lactation in cattle, Science 199: 911–912.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phares, C. K., 1980, Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Syrian hamsters: A new model of diabetes mellitus, Experientia 36: 681–682.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pohl, H., 1965, Temperature regulation and cold acclimation in the golden hamster, Am, J. Physiol. 20: 405–410.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poignant, J.-C., and Rismonad, N., 1975, Influence de l’administration de composes neurotropes sur le temps de ramassage d’ un materiel alimentaire chez le Hamster et etude du comportement associe’, Psychopharmacologia 43: 47–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polsky, R. H., 1974, Effects of novel environment on predatory behavior of golden hamsters, Percept. Mot. Skills 39: 55–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polsky, R. H., 1976, Conspecific defeat, isolation/grouping, and predatory behavior in golden hamsters, Psycho!. Rep. 38: 571–577.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polsky, R. H., 1977, The ontogeny of predatory behavior in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus a. auratus). 1. The influence of age and experience, Behaviour 61: 26–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, C. K., Borer, K. T., and Katz, R. V., 1983, Blockade of endogenous opiates reduces voluntary running but not self-stimulation in hamsters, Pharmacol. Physiol. Behay. 18: 217–223.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabi, T., and Cassuto, Y., 1976a, Metabolic adaptations in brown adipose tissue of the hamster in extreme ambient temperatures, Am. J. Physiol. 231: 153–160.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabi, T., and Cassuto, Y., 19766, Metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue in T3-treated hamsters, Am. J. Physiol. 231: 161–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabi, T., Cassuto, Y., and Gutman, A., 1977, Lipolysis in brown adipose tissue of cold-and heat-acclimated hamsters, J. Appl. Physiol. 43: 1007–1011.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, R. W., Kroning, J., and Critchlow, V., 1976, The differences in the effects of surgical isolation of the medial basal hypothalamas on linear growth and plasma growth hormone levels in the rat, Endocrinology 98: 982–990.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards, M., 1966, Activity measured by running wheels and observation during the estrous cycle, pregnancy and pseudo-pregnancy in the golden hamster, Anim. Behay. 14: 450–458.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ritter, R. C., and Balch, O. K., 1978, Feeding in response to insulin but not to 2-deoxy-D-glucose in the hamster, Am. J. Physiol. 234: E20 - E24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rohner, T., Dufour, A. P., Karakash, C., LeMarchand, Y., Ruf, K. B., and Jeanrenaud, B., 1977, Immediate effect of lesion of the ventromedial hypothalamic area upon glucose-induced secretion in anesthetized rats, Diabetologia 13: 239–242.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, J., Glick, S. M., Yalow, R. S., and Berson, S. A., 1963, Hypoglycemia: A potent stimulus to secretion of growth hormone, Science 1940: 987–988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowland, N., 1978, Effects of insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose on feeding in hamsters and gerbils, Physiol. Behay. 21: 291–294.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowland, N., 1982, Failure by deprived hamsters to increase food intake: Some behavioral and physiological determinants, J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 96: 591–603.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowland, N., 1983, Physiological and behavioral responses to glucoprivation in the golden hamster, Physiol. Behay. 30: 743–747.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowland, N., 1984, Metabolic fuel homeostasis in golden hamsters. I. Nycthemeral and exercise variables, Am. J. Physiol. 247: R57 - R62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowland, N., 1984, Nycthermeral variation in brain monoamines of Syrian hamsters: Relation to activity and energy homeostasis, Brain Res. 290: 353–356.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudman, D., and Shank, P. W., 1966, Comparison of the responsiveness of perirenal adipose tissue of the rat, hamster, guinea pig and rabbit to the antilipolytic action of insulin, Endocrinology 79: 565–571.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saidapur, S. K., and Greenwald, G. S., 1978, Peripheral blood and ovarian levels of sex steroids in the cyclic hamster, Biol. Reprod. 18: 401–408.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sak, M. A., and Beaser, S. B., 1962, Alloxan diabetes mellitus in the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, Lab. Invest. 11: 255–260.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schanbacher, B. D., and Crouse, J. D., 1981, Photoperiodic regulation of growth. A photosensitive phase during light-dark cycle, Am. J. Physiol. 241: E1 - E5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sclafani, A., and Eisenstadt, D., 1980, 2-deocy-D-glucose fails to induce feeding in hamsters fed a preferred diet, Physiol. Behay. 24: 641–643.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shipley, J. E., and Kolb, B., 1977, Neural correlates of species typical behavior in the Syrian golden hamster, J. Comp. Physiol. Psycho!. 91: 1056–1073.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sicart, R., Sable-Amplis, R., and Apid, R., 1978, Changes in lipid metabolism induced by starvation and cold exposure in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 59A: 335–338.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, H. J., 1978, Failure of 2-deoxy-D-glucose to increase feeding in the golden hamster, Physiol. Behay. 21: 859–864.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, H. J., and Zucker, I., 1976, Absence of post-fast food compensation in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), Physiol. Behay. 17: 271–285.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simek, V., 1968, Influence of intermittent fasting on morphological changes of the digestive system and on the activity of some enzymes in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), Acta Soc. Zool. Bohemoslov. 32: 89–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simek, V., 1969, Influence of short-term and long-term intermittent fasting on morphological changes of the digestive system of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), Acta Soc. Zoo!. Bohemoslov. 33: 151–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simek, V., 1974, Energy metabolism of golden hamsters adapted to intermittent fasting: Influence of season and sex, Physiol. Bohemoslov. 23: 437–446.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simek, V., 1975, Effect of sex and season on the production and deposition of lipid and glycid reserves in the intermittently starving golden hamster, Physiol. Bohemoslov. 24: 183–190.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simek, V., 1980, Effect of intermittent fasting followed by cold on growth, formation of reserves and energy metabolism in the golden hamster, Physiol. Bohemoslov. 29: 167–172.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simek, V., and Petrasék, R., 1974, The effect of two time-different feeding regimens on food intake, growth rate and lipid metabolism in golden hamster (Rodentia), Acta Soc. Zool. Bohemoslor. 38:152–159. 38: 152–159.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha, N., and Vanderlaan, W. Y., 1982, Effect on growth of prolactin deficiency induced in infant mice, Endocrinology 110: 1871–1878.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. E., and Horwitz, B. A., 1969, Brown fat and thermogenesis, Physiol. Rev. 49: 330–425.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snipes, R. L., 1979a, Anatomy of the cecum of the dwarf hamster (Phodopus sungorus), Anat. Embryo!. 157: 329–346.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snipes, R. L., 19796, Anatomy of the cecum of the vole Microtus agrestis, Anat. Embryo!. 157:181–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sodetz, F. J., and Bunnell, B. N., 1970, Septal ablation and the social behavior of the golden hamster, Physiol. Behan. 5: 79–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorrentino, S., Jr., and Reiter, R. J., 1971, Lack of pineal-induced gonadal regression in dark-exposed and blinded hamsters after surgical isolation of the medial basal hypothalamus, Gen. Conip. Endo. Crinol. 17: 227–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steger, R. W., Barrke, A., and Goldman, B. D., 1982, Alterations in neuroendocrine function during photoperiod-induced testicular atrophy and recrudescence in the golden hamster, Biol. Reprod. 26: 437–444.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, H. H., 1967, Effects of pre-and post-pubertal gonadectomy on sex differences in growth, adrenal and pituitary weights of hamsters, J. Endocrinol. 39: 555–564.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, H. H., 1970, Effects of castration at birth in hamsters of both sexes on luteinization of ovarian implants, estrous cycles and sexual behavior, J. Reprod. Fertil. 21: 183–186.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, S., and Tamate, H., 1976, Light and electron microscopic observation of the forestomach mucosa in the golden hamster, Tohoku J. Agric. Res. 27: 26–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, M., Pour, P., Althoff, J., and Donnelly, T., 1977, The pancreas of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). I. Anatomical study, Lab. Anim. Sci. 27: 336–342.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tannenbaum, G. A., Paxinos, G. I., and Bindra, T., 1974, Metabolic and endocrine aspects of the ventromedial hypothalamic syndrome in the rat, J. Comp. Physiol. Psycho!. 86: 404–413.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trayhurn, P., 1980, Fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue in relation to whole body synthesis in the cold acclimated golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), Biochem. Biophys. Acta 620: 10–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, A. C., Bach, J., and Borer, K. T., 1981, Somatic, endocrine, and serum lipid changes during detraining in adult hamsters, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34: 373–376.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, A. C., Rosenberg, R., and Borer, K. T., 1982, Metabolic alterations induced by voluntary exercise and discontinuation of exercise in hamsters. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 35: 943–949.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughan, M. K., Powanda, M. C., Richardson, B. H., King, T. S., Johnson, L. Y., and Reiter, R. J., 1982, Chronic exposure to short photoperiod inhibits free thyroxine index and plasma levels of TSH, T4, triiodothyronine (Ts) and cholesterol in female Syrian hamsters, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 71A: 615618.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vriend, J., 1983, Evidence for pineal gland modulation of the neuroendocrine thyroid axis, Neuroendocrinology 36: 68–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vriend, J., and Reiter, R. J., 1977, Free thyroxine index in normal, melatonin-treated and blind hamsters, Horm. Metab. Res. 9: 231–234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vriend, J., Sackman, J. W., and Reiter, R. J., 1977, Effects of blinding, pinealectomy and superior cervical ganglionectomy on free thyroxine index of male golden hamsters, Arta Endocrinol. 86: 758–762.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vriend, J., Reiter, R. J., and Anderson, G. R., 1979, Effects of the pineal and melatonin on thryoid activity of male golden hamsters, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 38: 189–195.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vybiral, S., and Jansky, L., 1974, Non-shivering thermogenesis in the golden hamster, Physiol. Bohemoslov. 23: 235–243.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wachtel, N., Emerman, S., and Javitt, N. B., 1969, Metabolism of cholest-5-one-30, 26-diol in the rat and hamster, J. Biol. Chem. 243: 5207–5212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wade, G. N., 1972, Gonadal hormones and behavioral regulation of body weight, Physiol. Behay. 8: 523534.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wade, G. N., 1976, Sex hormones, regulatory behavior and body weight, in: Advances in the Study of Behavior, Volume 6 ( J. S. Rosenblatt, R. A. Hinde, E. Shaw, and G. C. Beer, eds.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 201–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wade, G. N., 1982, Obesity without overeating in golden hamsters, Physiol. Behay. 29: 701–707.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wade, G. N., 1983, Dietary obesity in golden hamsters: Reversibility and effects of sex and photoperiod, Physiol. Behay. 30: 131–137.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wade, G. N., and Bartness, T. J., 1984a, Dietary obesity in hamsters: Effects of age, fat source and species, Nutt. Behay. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wade, G. N., and Bartness, T. J., 19846, Effects of photoperiod and gonadectomy on food intake, body weight, and body composition in Siberian hamsters, Am. J. Physiol. 246: R26 - R30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widmaier, E. P., and Campbell, C. S., 198la, Interaction of estradiol and photoperiod on activity patterns in the female hamster, Physiol. Behay. 24: 923–930.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widmaier, E. P., and Campbell, C. S., 198 lb, The interaction of estradiol and day length in modifying serum prolactin secretion in female hamsters, Endocrinology 108: 371–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, R., 1984, Hoarding versus the immediate consumption of food among hamsters and gerbils, Behay. Processes 9: 3–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. B., Saville, E., Rothwell, N. J., Stock, M. J., and Landsberg, L., 1982, Effect of diet and cold exposure on norepinephrine turnover in brown adipose tissue of the rat, J. Clin. Invest. 69: 1061–1071.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zawalich, W. S., Dye, E. S., Pagliara, A. S., Rognstad, F., and Matschinsky, F. M., 1979, Starvation diabetes in the rat: Onset, recovery, and specificity of reduced responsiveness of pancreatic cells, Endocrinology 104: 1344–1351.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zucker, I., and Stephan, F. K., 1973, Light-dark rhythms in hamster eating, drinking and locomotor behaviors, Physiol. Behay. 11: 239–250.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zucker, I., Wade, G. N., and Ziegler, R., 1972, Sexual and hormonal influences on eating, taste preferences and body weight of hamsters, Physiol. Behay. 8: 101–111.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Borer, K.T. (1985). Regulation of Energy Balance in the Golden Hamster. In: Siegel, H.I. (eds) The Hamster. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0815-8_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0815-8_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0817-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0815-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics