Abstract
Animals require space and food for maintenance, growth, and reproduction. Their abundance tends to increase anywhere suitable resources are readily available and to decrease where they are not. In the latter case, resources may simply not be present, or perhaps more commonly, availability of resources may be decreased below tolerable levels by other organisms better able to exploit them, or by predators and physical disturbances that limit their access.
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Jackson, J.B.C. (1983). Biological Determinants of Present and Past Sessile Animal Distributions. In: Tevesz, M.J.S., McCall, P.L. (eds) Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities. Topics in Geobiology, vol 3. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0740-3_2
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