Skip to main content

A Review of Experimental Measurement Methods Based on Gas-Phase Chemiluminescence

  • Chapter
Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence

Abstract

The first application of gas-phase chemiluminescence could have been the contribution to the illumination of a cave by the blue portion of a wood flame. Qualitative flame analysis has been in use since at least the 16th Century.1 For many present-day applications, observation of chemiluminescence has the advantages that (i) measurement of such radiation in no way interferes with the reacting environment, (ii) the measuring tool does not have to be exposed directly to the active reaction environment, i.e. remote sensing is possible, (iii) transient species can be readily identified and (iv) in its most elementary form the observer’s eye is the only tool required. For these reasons chemiluminescence measurements represent an obvious and often immediately available method for investigating a given medium. When coupled with modern reliable sensitive detection methods, which cover the optical spectrum from the vacuum ultraviolet through the near infrared, chemiluminescence provides a major tool for species concentration measurements.

This work was sponsored by Project SQUID, which is supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research,Department of the Navy, under Contract N00014-67-A-0226-0005, NR-098-038.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. G. Agricola, De Re Metallica (First Latin Edition 1556; translated into English by H.C. and L.H. Hoover), Dover Publications, New York, 1950, Book VII.

    Google Scholar 

  2. F. Kaufman, Progr. React. Kin. 1, 1 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. B. A. Thrush, Science, 156, 470 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A.Fontijn, Progr. React. Kin. 6, 75 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  5. F.Kaufman, Proc. Roy. Soc. A247, 123 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. J. T. Herron and H.I. Schiff, Can. J. Chem. 36, 1159 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. A.A. Stenberg N. Dehaas, J. Chem. Phys. 40, 3087 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. F. A. Morse and F. Kaufman, J. Chem. Phys. 42, 1785 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. F. Kaufman and J. R. Kelso, J. Chem. Phys. 46, 4541 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. M. A.A. Clyne, C.J. Halstead and B.A. Thrush, Proc. Roy. Soc. A295, 355 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. C.J. Halstead and B.A. Thrush, Proc. Roy. Soc. A2951 363 (196Wí).

    Google Scholar 

  12. L. Elias, J. Chem. Phys. 38, 989 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. L. Elias and H.I. Schiff, Can. J. Chem. 38, 1657 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. J.T. Herron and R.E. Huie, Progr. React. Kin. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  15. P.B. Davies and B.A. Thrush, Trans. Faraday Soc. 64, 1836 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. P.A. Leighton, Photochemistry of Air Pollution, Academic Press, New York, 1961, Chap. 8.

    Google Scholar 

  17. F. Stuhl and H. Niki, Chem. Phys. Lett., 7, 197 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. R.A. Young, G. Black and T.G. Slanger, J. Chem. Phys.49. 4758 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. A. Fontijn, C.B. Meyer and H.I. Schiff, J. Chem. Phys. AL, 40, 64 (1964); A. Fontijn and H.I. Schiff in Chemical Reactinna in the Lower and Upper Atmosphere. Interscience, New York, 1961. p. 239.

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. Fontijn and J. Lee, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 62, 1095 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Vanpee, K.D. Hill and R. Kineyko, AIAA J. 9., 135 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  22. D.E. Paulsen, W.F. Sheridan and R.E. Huffman, J. Chem. Phys. 53, 647 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. A.T. Stair and J.P. Kennealy, J. Chim. Phys. (Paris) fil, 64, 124 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Sharma, J.P. Padur and P. Warneck, J. Chem. Phys.43, 2155 (1965);

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Sharma, J.P. Padur and P. Warneck, J. Phys. Chem. 71, 1602 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. F. Kaufman, “The Air Afterglow Revisited,” this symposium.

    Google Scholar 

  27. M. Mandelman, T. Carrington, R.A. Young, York U., Toronto, to be submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  28. M.A.A. Clyne and B.A. Thrush, Proc. Roy. Soc. A269, 404 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. F. Kaufman and J.R. Kelso, in Preprints of Papers, Symposium on Chemiluminescence, Durham, 31 Mar.-2 Apr., 1965, p. 65.

    Google Scholar 

  30. R.P. Hartunian, W.P. Thompson and E.W. Hewitt, J. Chem. Phys. 44, 1765 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. M.A.A. Clyne and B.A. Thrush, Disc. Faraday Soc. 22, 139 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. L. Elias, J. Chem. Phys. 44, 3810 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. J.E. Morgan, L. Elias and H.I. Schiff, J. Chem. Phys. I, 930 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. P. Harteck, R.R. Reeves and G. Mannella, J. Chem. Phys. 22, 608 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. I.M. Campbell and B.A. Thrush, Proc. Roy. Soc. A296, 222 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. R.A. Young and R.L. Sharpless, Disc. Faraday Soc. 33, 228 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. R.A. Young and R.L. Sharpless, J. Chem. Phys. 39, 1071 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. R.A. Young and G. Black, J. Chem. Phys. 4, 3741 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. R.J. McNeal and S.C. Durana, J. Chem. Phys. 51, 2955 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. R.A. Young and R.L. Sharpless, J. Geophys. Res. 67, 3871 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. R.L. Brown, J. Chem. Phys. 52, 4604 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. W. Brennen and R.L. Brown, J. Chem. Phys. 52, 4910 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. W. Brennen and E.C. Shane, Chem. Phys. Lett.2, 143 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. E.C. Shane and W.Brennen, Chem. Phys. Lett. Ate, 4, 31 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. A.N. Wright and C.A. Winkler, Active Nitrogen, Academic Press, New York, 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  46. R.W.F. Gross, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 1302 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. R.W.F. Gross, and N. Cohen, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 2582 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. T. Carrington and D. Garvin, Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics, Vol., 3, Formation and Decay of Excited Species, C.H. Bamford and C.F.H. Tipper, Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1969, Chap. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  49. B.A. Thrush, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 121. 371 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  50. L.F. Phillips, Can. J. Chem. 46, 1450 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. A. Fontijn and R. Ellison, J. Phys. Chem. 12, 3701 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. I.M. Campbell, S.B. Neal, M.F. Golde and B.A. Thrush, Chem. Phys. Lett. 8, 612 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. J.A. Meyer, D.W. Setser and W.G. Clarke, J. Phys. Chem. 26, 1 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. G.W. Taylor and D.W. Setser, Chem. Phys. Lett. 8, 51 (1971);

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. G.W. Taylor and D.W. Setser, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 93, 4930 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. K.H. Becker and K.D. Bayes, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 653 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. E.L. Milne, M. Steinberg and H.P. Broida, J. Chem. Phys. 42, 2615 (1965)•

    Google Scholar 

  58. A.G. Gaydon, Dissociation Energies and Spectra of Diatomic Molecules, 3r’? Edition, Chapman and Hall, London, 1968. a. Chaps. 3–6; b. Chap. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  59. C.D. Jonah, R.N. Zare and Ch. Ottinger, J. Chem. Phys. 55, 263 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. R.A. Young, J. Chem. Phys. 33, 1044 (1960); 14, 1295 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. R.E. Lund and H.J. Oskam, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 109 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. K. Loomis, A. Bergendahl, R.R. Reeves, Jr. and P. Harteck, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91, 7709 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. J.E. Morgan and H.I. Schiff, J. Chem. Phys. 38, 2631 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. J.E. Morgan and H.I. Schiff, Can. J. Chem. 42, 2300 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. B. Khouw, J.E. Morgan and H.I. Schiff, J. Chem. Phys. 66 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  66. K.M. Sancier, W.J. Fredericks, J.L. Hatchett and H. Wise, J. Chem. Phys. 27, 860 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. K.M. Sancier, D.J. Schott and H. Wise, J. Chem. Phys. 42, 1233 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. K.M. Sancier, J. Chem. Phys. 42, 1240 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. A.G. Gaydon and H.G. Woifh=rd, Flames, Their Structure, Radiation and Temperature, 3rd Edition, Chapman and Hall, London, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  70. J.D. Winefordner, Ed., Spectrochemical Methods of Analysis, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1971. a. C. Th.J. Alkemade and P.J.Th. Zeegers, Chap. 1; b. J. Ramirez-Munoz, Chap. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  71. T.M. Sugden, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 13, 369 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. R. Mavrodineanu, Ed., Analytical Flame Spectroscopy. Selected Topics, Macmillan, London, 1970. a. C.Th.J. Alkemade, Chap. 1; b. P.T. Gilbert, Chap. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  73. J.A. Dean and T.C. Rains, Eds., Flame Emission and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Vol. 1. Theory; Vol, 2. Components and Techniques, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1969, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  74. R. Mavrodineanu and H. Boiteux, Flame Spectroscopy, Wiley, New York, 1965. a. p. 553; b. p. 549.

    Google Scholar 

  75. A.G. Gaydon, The Spectroscopy of Flames, Wiley, New York,1957, Chap. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  76. T.M. Sugden, E.M. Bulewicz and A. Demerdache in Chemical Reactions in the Lower and Upper Atmosphere, Interscience, New York, 1961, p. 89.

    Google Scholar 

  77. E.M. Bulewicz in Twelfth Symposium (International) nn Comhuqtion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1969,. p. 957.

    Google Scholar 

  78. P.J. Padley and T.M. Sugden, Proc. Roy. Soc. A248, 248 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. E.M. Bulewicz and T.M. Sugden, Trans. Faraday Soc. 52, 1475 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. J.L. Rosenfeld, PhD. Thesis, Cambridge, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  81. R. Carabetta and W. Kaskan in Eleventh Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1967, p. 321.

    Google Scholar 

  82. P.T. Gilbert in Proc. Xth Collog. Spectrnsr.. Tntprnat, E.R.Lippincott and M. Margoshes, Eds., Spartan Books, Washington, 1963, p. 171.

    Google Scholar 

  83. No recent comprehensive review of this subject exists. For pertinent discussions see e.g., the Biannual International Combustion Symposium volumes, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh and Refs. 72b and 73.

    Google Scholar 

  84. R.W. Reid and T.M. Sugden, Disc. Faraday Soc. 13, 21 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  85. R.W.B. Pearse and A.G. Gaydon, The Identification of3Molecular Spectra, 3rd Edition, Chapman and Hall, London, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  86. R.M. Fristrom and A.A. Westenberg, Flame Structure, McGraw-Hill, 1965, p. 215.

    Google Scholar 

  87. A. Fontijn, D.E. Rosner and S.C. Kurzius, Can. J. Chem. 42, 2440 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. B.F. Myers and E.R. Bartle, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 3935 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. R.D. Sharma and K.L. Wray, J. Chem. Phys. 5A, 4578 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. K.L. Wray and E.V. Feldman in Fourteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  91. H.B. Palmer, J. Chem. Phys.,47, 2116 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. K.L. Wray and S.S. Fried, J. Q. S. R. T. 11, 1171 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. J.F. Bott and T.A. Jacobs, J. Chem. Phys. 52, 3545 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. R.A. Carabetta and H.B. Palmer, J. Chem. Phys., 46, 1325 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. R.A. Carabetta and H.B. Palmer, J. Chem. Phys. 16, 1333 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. B.F. Myers and E.R. Bartle, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 1783 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. D. Gutman, R.W. Lutz, N.F. Jacobs, E.A. Hardwidge and G.L. Schott, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 5689 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. N. Cohen and R.W.F. Gross, J. Chem. Phys. 52, 3119 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. R.W. Ladenburg, Ed., Physjcal Measurements in Gas Dynamics and Combustion, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1954. a. Articles Al-A3; b. E. Winkler, Article A4.

    Google Scholar 

  100. M. Steinberg, K.S. Wen, T. Chen and C.C. Yang, AIAA Preprint No. 70–729, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  101. G.W. Sutton and M. Camac, AIAA J. 6, 2402 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. R.L. Schapker and M. Camac, AIAA J. 7, 2254 (1969).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. R.A. Hartunian and D.J. Spencer, AIAA J. 5, 1397 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. R.A. Hartunian and D.J. Spencer, AIAA J. 4, 1305 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. F.P. DelGreco, D. Golomb, J.A. van der Bliek and R.A. Cassanova, J. Chem. Phys. 44, 4349 (1966);

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. D. Golomb and R.E. Good, J. Chem. Phys. 49, 4176 (1968); the headglow extinction method is as yet unpublished.

    Google Scholar 

  107. C.R. Philbrick, AFCRL, Bedford, Mass., unpublished results.

    Google Scholar 

  108. V.H. Regener, J. Geophys. Res. 5, 3975 (1960);

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. V.H. Regener, J. Geophys. Res. 69, 3795 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. J.R. Smith, H.G. Richter and L.A. Ripperton, Final Report, EPA Contract No. PH 27–68–26, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  111. J.A. Hodgeson, K.J. Krost, A.E. O’Keeffe, and R.K. Stevens, A.al. Chem. 42, 1795 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. L.F. Ballard, J.B. Tommerdahl, C.E. Decker, T.M. Royal, and D.R. Nifong, Research Triangle Inst., NTIS PB 204 444, April 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  113. J.A. Hodgeson, B.E. Martin and R.E. Baumgardner, Paper No. 77, Eastern Analytical Symposium, New York, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  114. G.W. Nederbragt, A. Van der Horst and J. Van Duijn, Nature 206, 87 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. B.J. Finlayson, J.N. Pitts, and H. Akimoto, Chem. Phys. Lett. 12, 495 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. G.J. Warren and G. Babcock, Rev. Sci. Instr. 41, 280 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Register 16, (228), 22384 (Nov. 25, 1971 ).

    Google Scholar 

  118. L.F. Ballard, J.B. Tommerdahl, C.E. Decker, T.M. Rcyal, and L.K. Matus, Interim Report, Phase I and II and Final Report, EPA Contract No. CPA 70–101, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  119. R.K. Stevens, J.A. Hodgeson, L.F. Ballard, and C.E. Decker in Determination of Air Quality, G. Mamantov and W.D. Shults, Eds. Plenum, New York, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  120. R.K. Stevens, T.A. Clark, C.E. Decker, and L.F. Ballard, Paper No. 72–13, 65th Annual Meeting, Air Pollution Control Association, Miami, June 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  121. A. Fontijn, A.J. Sabadell and R.J. Ronco, Anal. Chem. 42, 575 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. R.J. Ronco and A. Fontijn, AeroChem Research Labs., Inc., NTIS PB 209 837, May 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  123. D.H. Stedman, E.E. Daby, F. Stuhl, and H. Niki, J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 22, 260 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. F. Stuhl and H. Niki, Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Report No. SR-70–42, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  125. J.E Sigsby, F.M. Black, T.A. Bellar, and D.L. Klosterman, Publication Preprint, EPA, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  126. H. Niki, A. Warnick and R.R. Lord, Paper No. 710072, Society of Automotive Engineers, Detroit, January 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  127. Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Register 36 (128), 12652 (July 2, 1971 ).

    Google Scholar 

  128. J.A. Hodgeson, K.A. Rehme, B.E. Martin, and R.K. Stevens, Paper No. 72–12, 65th Annual Meeting Air Poll. Contr. Assoc., Miami, June 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  129. L.P. Breitenbach and M. Shelef, Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Technical Report No. SR 71–130, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  130. W.A. McClenny, J.A. Hodgeson and J.P. Bell, Paper No. Watr-60, 164th National Meeting, Am. Chem. Soc., New York, August 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  131. A.D. Snyder and G.W. Wooten, Monsanto Research Corp., NTIS PB 188 103, August 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  132. F.M. Black and J.E. Sigsby, Publication Preprint, EPA, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  133. K.J. Krost, J.A. Hodgeson and R.K. Stevens, Publication Preprint, EPA, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  134. A. Syty and J.A. Dean, Appl. Opt. 7, 1331 (1968).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. A. Tewarson and H.B. Palmer in Thirteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, 1971,p. 99.

    Google Scholar 

  136. B. Draeger, Heinrich Draegerwerk, West Germany Patent 1,133,918, July 26, 1962.

    Google Scholar 

  137. S.S. Brody and J.E. Chaney, J. Gas Chromatogr. 4, 42 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. R.K. Stevens, A.E. O’Keeffe and G.C. Ortman, Environ. Sci. Tech. 1, 652 (1969).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  139. A. Horning, EPA Contract No. EHSD 71–50, 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  140. J.W. Shiller, Bendix Tech. J. 4, 56 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  141. R.K. Stevens, J.D. Mulik, A.E. O’Keeffe, and K.J. Krost, Anal. Chem. 41, 827 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  142. M.F.R. Mulcahy and O.J. Williams, Chem. Phys. Lett. 7, 455 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. W.A. Kummer, J.N. Pitts, Jr., and R.P. Steer, Environ. Sci. Tech. 1, 1045 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  144. M.A.A. Clyne and B.A. Thrush in Ninth Symposium (International) on Combustion, Academic Press, New York, 1963, p. 177.

    Google Scholar 

  145. R.S. Braman and E.S. Gordon, IEEE Trans. IM-14, 11(1965).

    Google Scholar 

  146. P.T. Gilbert, Anal. Chem. 38, 1920 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA 72), North Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1972 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  148. I.S. Shklovskii in Artificial Earth Satellites, Vol. 4, Plenum Press, New York, 1961, P. 445.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Sky and Telescope, December 1971, p. 382 (unsigned article).

    Google Scholar 

  150. N.W. Rosenberg and H.D. Edwards, J. Geophys. Res. 62, 2819 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  151. S.P. Zimmerman and K.S.W. Champion, J. Gecphys. Res. 68, 3049 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. D. Golomb and M.A. MacLeod, J. Geophys. Res. 71, 2299 (1966).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. D. Golomb, D.F. Kitrosser and R.H. Johnson, in Space Res. XII, Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1972, p. 733.

    Google Scholar 

  154. D. Golomb and R.E. Good, ibid., p. 675.

    Google Scholar 

  155. J. Pressman, L.M. Aschenbrand, F.F. Marmo, A. Jursa, and M. Zelikoff, J. Chem. Phys. 25, 187 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. D. Golomb, N.W. Rosenberg, C. Aharonian, J.A.F. Hill, and H.L. Alden, J. Geophys. Res.70, 1155 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. A. Fontijn and D.E. Rosner, J. Chem. Phys. 46, 3275 (1967).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. D. Golomb and R.E. Good, J. Chem. Phys. l2, 4176 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  159. C.R. Philbrick, G.A. Faucher and E. Trzcinski, in Space Research XIII, Akademie Verlag, Berlin, to be published, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  160. D.D. Woodbridge in Chemical Reactions in the Lower and Upper Atmosphere, Interscience Publ. Co., New York, 1961, p. 373.

    Google Scholar 

  161. N.W. Rosenberg and D. Golomb in “Project Firefly, 1962–63,” N.W. Rosenberg, Ed., AFCRL Environmental Research Papers, No. 15, AFCRL-64–364, 1964, Chap. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  162. N.W. Rosenberg, D. Golomb and E.F. Allen, Geophys. Res. 68, 5895 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. N.W. Rosenberg, D. Golomb and E.F. Allen, J. Geophys. Res.69, 1451 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. D. Golomb, F.P. DelGreco, O. Harang, R.H. Johnson, and M.A. MacLeod in Space Research VIII, North Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1968, p. 705.

    Google Scholar 

  165. M. Uy and J. Drowart, Trans Faraday Soc. 67, 1293 (1971).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. N.W. Rosenberg, W.H. Hamilton and D.J. Lovell, Appl.Optics. 1, 115 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  167. C.D. Cooper in Ref. 157, p. 161.

    Google Scholar 

  168. N. Jonathan and G. Doherty in Ref. 157, p. 393.

    Google Scholar 

  169. G.T. Best, C.A. Forsberg, D. Golomb, N.W. Rosenberg, and W.K. Vickery, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 1677 (1972).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. M.J. Linevsky as quoted by A. Fontijn and S.C. Kurzius, Chem. Phys. Lett., 13, 507 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  171. P. Harteck and R. Reeves, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg. 71, 682 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. E.M. Bulewicz, P.J. Padley and R.E. Smith, Proc. Roy. Soc. A315, 129 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. R.A. Hord and H.B. Tolefson, Virginia J. Sci. 16, 105 (1965).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. B.M. McCormac, Ed., The Radiating Atmosphere, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht-Holland, 1971. a; D.M. Hunten, P. 1, b; R.D. Sears, p. 116, c; G. Visconti, F. Congeduti and G. Fiocco, p. 82.

    Google Scholar 

  175. B.M. McCormac and A. Omholt, Eds., Atmospheric Emissions, Van Nostrand, New York, 1969. a; G.C. Shepherd, p. 411.

    Google Scholar 

  176. J.F. Noxon, Space Sci. Rev. 8, 92 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  177. S.M. Silverman, Space Sci. Rev. 11, 341 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  178. J.W. Chamberlain, Physics of the Aurora and Airglow, Academic Press, New York, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  179. B.S. Dandekar and J.P. Turtle, Planet Space Sci. 12, 949 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  180. G.A. Lavoie, Combust. Flame 15, 907 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  181. G.A. Lavoie, J.B. Heywood and J.C. Keck, Comb. Sci. and Techn. 1, 313 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. V.Ya. Shlyapintokh, 0.N. Karpukhin, L.M. Postnikov, V.F. Tsepalov, A.A. Vichutinskii, and I.V. Zakharov, Chemiluminescence Techn’gues in Chemical Reactions, Consultants Bureau, New York, 1968, p. 181.

    Google Scholar 

  183. V.Ya. Shlyapintokh, R.F. Vassil’ev and 0.N. Karpukhin, U.S.S.R. Patent 127779, Byul. Izobret, No. 8 (1960) as quoted in Ref. 178 and by R.F. Vassil’ev, Progr. React. Kin. 4, 305 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1973 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fontijn, A., Golomb, D., Hodgeson, J.A. (1973). A Review of Experimental Measurement Methods Based on Gas-Phase Chemiluminescence. In: Cormier, M.J., Hercules, D.M., Lee, J. (eds) Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0638-3_30

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0638-3_30

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0640-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0638-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics