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Cation Transport

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Chemical and Cellular Architecture

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Abstract

According to the traditional concept1–3 of cation transport, there are “active” and “passive” fluxes: the former drives cations uphill (against an electrochemical gradient) at the expense of ATP consumption, whereas the latter moves cations downhill (in the direction of the electrochemical gradient) by simple diffusion across membrane “imperfections” or “pores.” This traditional concept of active and passive cation fluxes has proved to be inadequate for two main reasons.4–11 (1) It has been demonstrated that the “active” pump transporting both Na+ and K+, usually uphill, by direct consumption of ATP can also drive cation movements “on the level” (i.e., in the absence of any concentration gradient) or even downhill.4,5 (2) Evidence has been collected that demonstrates that “passive” fluxes of cations are highly organized and are closely associated with important physiological functions6: many of them take place as part of counter- or cotransport mechanisms.5–9 Thus, the energy of the electrochemical gradient of the cation actually moving downhill is not dissipated but is mostly consumed in promotion of the transport of different compounds (e.g., sugars, amino acids, other cations), in some cases even against a concentration gradient. In this way, “passive” fluxes of cations moving downhill can build up a concentration gradient for other cations without any waste of ATP.5–9 Selectivity of the membrane for some “passive” cation fluxes enables it to convert the energy of primary ionic gradients into the energy needed for the maintenance of resting membrane potential as well as for cell excitation.6,10,11

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Experimental Surgery, Medical School of Szeged, 6701, Szeged, Hungary

    László Latzkovits

  2. Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6701, Szeged, Hungary

    Csaba Fajszi

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  1. László Latzkovits
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  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Ward’s Isalnd, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha

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Latzkovits, L., Fajszi, C. (1982). Cation Transport. In: Lajtha, A. (eds) Chemical and Cellular Architecture. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0614-7_1

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