Thermal Stratification and Sloshing in Liquid Helium Trailers

Abstract

Significant advances have been made recently in the development of cryogenic storage and transport equipment designed expressly for liquid helium service, A major result has been the inception of large-scale liquid helium production and transport for the purpose of economic distribution of gaseous helium. The concept was originally proposed by Brown [¹] and its initial use early in 1966 is described in detail by Nubel [²]. Other related papers by Van Meerbeke [³] on liquid helium dewars and associated liquid helium transfer facilities, Mann et al. [⁴] on the technical aspects of liquid helium liquefaction and transportation, and Perkins et al. [⁵] on the practical aspects of helium distribution, report on the significant background information leading up to this effort at large-scale liquid helium distribution.