Abstract
It would be inappropriate in this article to try and consider more than elementary aspects of thermodynamics as it applies to biological systems. The standard work, of particular interest to muscle physiologists, is that of Wilkie (1960) but less detailed accounts, biased towards an understanding of cardiac energetics, will be found in Gibbs (1974) and Gibbs and Chapman (1979a): there is also a good discussion of the concept of muscular efficiency by Wilkie (1974). An interesting book on cellular energy metabolism by Atkinson (1977) has a very clear appendix on biological thermodynamics.
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Gibbs, C.L. (1983). Thermodynamics and Cardiac Energetics. In: Dintenfass, L., Julian, D.G., Seaman, G.V.F. (eds) Heart Perfusion, Energetics, and Ischemia. NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series, vol 62. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0393-1_27
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