Skip to main content

Ischaemia in the Heart Due to Atherosclerotic Mechanisms, Flow Anomalies and Vascular Spasm

  • Chapter
Book cover Heart Perfusion, Energetics, and Ischemia

Part of the book series: NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series ((NSSA,volume 62))

  • 343 Accesses

Abstract

This paper addresses ischaemia in the heart due to atherosclerotic mechanisms that can be related back to endothelial injury. Furthermore, endothelial injury is examined from a fluid dynamic point of view.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • BERNE, R.M., RUBIO, R., DOGSON, J.G., and CURNISH, R.R. (1971): Adenosine and adenine nucleotides as possible mediators of cardiac and skeletal muscle blood. flow regulation. Circulation Research 39: 115.

    Google Scholar 

  • BREEMEN, C. VAN, AARONSON, P., LOUTZENHISER, R., and MEISHERI, K. (1980): Ca2+ movements in smooth muscle. Chest 78(#1): 157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CARO, C.G., FITZ-GERALD, J.M., and SCHROTER, R.C. (1971): Atheroma and arterial wall shear: observation, correlation and proposal of a shear dependent mass transfer mechanism for atherogenesis. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B 177: 109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CASTEELS, R. (1980): Electro- and pharmacomechanical coupling in vascular smooth muscle. Chest 78(#1): 150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CHAHINE, R.A. (1979): Coronary artery spasm: Its role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischaemia. Clin. Cardiol. 2: 224.

    Google Scholar 

  • CONSTANTINIDES, P. (1970): The role of endothelial injury in arterial thrombosis and atherogenesis. In “Thrombosis and Coronary Heart Disease” P.O. Halonen and A. Louhija (Editors), pp. 67–71, S. Karger, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • CONTI, C.R., PEPINE, C.J., and CURRY, R.C. (1979): “Current Problems in Cardiology”, 4(#4), Year Book Medical Publishers, Inc., Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • DAWES, G.S. (1941): The vasodilator action of potassium. J. Physiol. 99: 224.

    Google Scholar 

  • DESPARD, R.A., and MILLER, J.A. (1971): Separation in oscillating laminar boundary-layer flows. J. Fluid Mech. 47(Part I): 21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • FLAHERTY, J.T., FERRANS, V.J., PIERCE, J.E., CAREW, T.E., and FRY, D.L. (1972a): Localizing factors in experimental atherosclerosis. In “Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease” W. Likoff, B.L. Segal, W. Insull Jr., and J.H. Moyer (Editors), pp. 40–84, Grune and Stratton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • FLAHERTY, J.T., PIERCE, J.E., FERRANS, V.J., PATEL, D.J., TUCKER, W.K., and FRY, D.L. (1972b): Endothelial nuclear patterns in the canine arterial tree with particular reference to hemodynamic events. Circ. Res. XXX: 23.

    Google Scholar 

  • FRIEDMAN, S.M., and FRIEDMAN, C.L. (1962): Effect of ions on vascular smooth muscle. In “Handbook of Physiology, Circulation, Volume 2” W.F. Hamilton and P. Dow (Editors), Chapter 33, pp. 1135–1166, American Physiologial Society, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • FRY, D.L. (1968): Acute vascular endothelial changes associated with increased blood velocity gradients. Circ. Res. XXII: 165.

    Google Scholar 

  • FRY, D.L. (1972): Localizing factors in arteriosclerosis. In “Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease” W. Likoff, B.L. Segal, W. Insull Jr., and J.H. Moyer (Editors), pp. 85–104, Grune and Stratton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • GOULD, L., and REDDY, C.V.R. (1980): Coronary artery spasm. Angiology 31: 365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GUTSTEIN, W.H., LATAILLADE, J.N., and LEWIS, L. (1962): The role of vasoconstriction in experimental arteriosclerosis. Circ. Res. X: 925.

    Google Scholar 

  • GUTSTEIN, W.H., LAZZARINI-ROBERTSON JR., A., and LATAILLADE, J.N. (1963): The role of local arterial irritability in the development of arterio-atherosclerosis. Am. J. Path. 42: 61.

    Google Scholar 

  • GUTSTEIN, W.H., and SCHNECK, D.J. (1967): In vitro boundary layer studies of blood flow in branched tubes. J. Atheroscler. Res. 7(#3): 295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GUTSTEIN, W.H., SCHNECK, D.J., and MARKS, J.O. (1968): In vitro studies of local blood flow disturbance in a region of separation. J. Atheroscler. Res. 8(#3): 381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GUTSTEIN, W.H., FARRELL, G., and SCHNECK, D.J. (1970): In vivo demonstration of junctional blood flow disturbance by hot wire anemometry. Atherosclerosis 11(#3): 485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • GUTSTEIN, W.H., FARRELL, G.A., and ARMELLINI, C. (1973): Blood flow disturbance and endothelial cell injury in preatherosclerotic swine. Lab. Invest. 29(#2): 134.

    Google Scholar 

  • GUTSTEIN, W.H., (1981): Personal Communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • HARTSHORNE, D.J. (1980): Biochemical basis for contraction of vascular smooth muscle. Chest 78(#1): 140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HELLSTROM, H.R. (1979): Coronary artery vasospams: The likely immediate cause of acute myocardial infarction. British Heart Journal 41: 426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HISTAND, M.B. (1971): The influence of hemodynamics on the development of atherosclerosis. In “Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology” Paper 21.8, 13: 172, Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Bethesda, Maryland.

    Google Scholar 

  • JACOB, S.W., and FRANCONE, S.A. (1974): “Structure and Function in Man”, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.

    Google Scholar 

  • KIRAN, B.K., and KHAIRALLAH, P.A. (1969): Angiostensin and norepinephrine efflux. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 6: 102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LATAILLADE, J.N., GUTSTEIN, W.H., and LAZZARINI-ROBERTSON, JR. A. (1964): Study of experimental vasodilation of rabbit abdominal aorta and its relationship to arterio-atherosclerosis. J. Atheroscler. Res. 4: 81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LIKOFF, W., SEGAL, B., INSULL, W., JR., and MOYER, J.H. (Editors). (1972): “Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease”, Grune and Stratton, N.Y.

    Google Scholar 

  • LING, S.C., ATABEK, H.B., FRY, D.L., PATEL, D.J., and JANICKI, J.S. (1968). Application of heated film velocity and shear probes to hemodynamic studies. Circulation Research 23: 789.

    Google Scholar 

  • MARZILLI, M., GOLDSTEIN, S., TRIVELLA, M.G., PALUMBO, C., and MASERI, A. (1980): Some clinical considerations regarding the relation of coronary vasospasm to coronary atherosclerosis: A hypothetical pathogenesis. Am. J. Cardiol. 45: 882.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MASERI, A., L’ABATTE, A., CHIERCHIA, S., PARODI, O., SEVERI, S., BIAGINI, A., DISTANTE, A., MARZILLI, M., and BALLESTRA, A.M. (1979): Significance of spasm in the pathogenesis of ischaemic heart disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 44: 788.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MASERI, A., and CHIERCHIA, S. (1980): Coronary vasospasm in ischaemic heart disease. Chest 78(#1): 210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MCDONALD, O.A. (1960: “Blood Flow in Arteries”, pp. 55–77 and 146–198, Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd., London.

    Google Scholar 

  • MONCADA, S., HERMAN, A.G., HIGGS, E.A., and VANE, J.R. (1977): Differential formation of prostacyclin (PGX or PGI2) by layers of the arterial wall. An explanation for the antithrombotic properties of vascular endothelium. Thrombosis Research. 11: 323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MOORE, F.K. (1958): On the separation of the unsteady laminar boundary layer. In “Boundary Layer Research” J. Gortler (Ed.), pp. 296–311, Springer, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • MUSTARD, J.F., MURPHY, E.A., ROWSELL, H.C., and DOWNIE, H.G. (1962): Factors influencing thrombus formation in vivo. Am. J. Med. 33: 621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • PRANDTL, L. (1904, 1927, 1943): Uber Flussigkeitsbewegung bei sehr kleiner Reibung. In “Verhandlung des III Intern. Math.-Kongresses, Heidelberg, zur Hydrodynamik u. Aerodynamik, Gottingen” pp. 1–8, Edwards Brothers, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • ROSS, G. (1976): Adrenergic responses of the coronary vessels. Circ. Res. (Brief Reviews) 39: 461.

    Google Scholar 

  • ROTT, N. (1956): Unsteady viscous flow in the vicinity of stagnation point. Quart. Appl. Math. 13: 444.

    Google Scholar 

  • SAKO, Y. (1962): Effects of turbulent flow and hypertension on experimental atherosclerosis. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 179: 36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SCHARFSTEIN, H., GUTSTEIN, W.H., and LEWIS, L. (1963): Changes of boundary layer flow in model systems: Implications for initiation of endothelial injury. Circulation Research 13: 580.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHNECK, D.J. (1977): Pulsatile blood flow in a channel of small exponential divergence — III. Unsteady flow separation. J. Fluids Eng. 99(Ser. 1, #2): 333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SCHNECK, D.J. (1980): Some thoughts on pulsatile flow separation in the cardiovascular system. In “Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the Society of Engineering Science” A.W. Marris (Ed.) pg. 87, The Society of Engineering Science, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHNECK, D.J. (1981): Deductive physiologic analysis in the presence of “Will” as an undefined variable. Int’l J. Math. Modelling 2(#3): 191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SCHNECK, D.J., and GUTSTEIN, W.H. (1966): Boundary layer studies in blood flow. ASME Paper Number 66-WA/BHF-4, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHNECK, D.J., and OSTRACH, S. (1972a): Oscillating blood flow in a cylindrical channel of small exponential divergence. In “Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society”, page 40, Biomedical Engineering Society, Culver City, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHNECK, D.J., and OSTRACH, S. (1972b): Boundary layer separation in pulsating flow and its relation to atherogenesis. In “Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of Engineering in Medicine and Biology” Paper #27.6, 14: 218, Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Bethesda, Md.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHNECK, D.J., and OSTRACH, S. (1973a): Pulsatile blood flow in a diverging circular channel. Technical Report Number FTAS/TR-73–86, Case-Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHNECK, D.J., and OSTRACH, S. (1973b): Dependence of unsteady flow separation on frequency of oscillation. In “Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of Engineering in Medicine and Biology” Paper #32.9, 15:309, Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Bethesda, Maryland.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHNECK, D.J., and OSTRACH, S. (1975): Pulsatile blood flow in a channel of small exponential divergence — I. The linear approximation for low mean Reynolds numbers. J. Fluids Eng. 97(Ser. 1, #3): 353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SCHNECK, D.J., and WALBURN, F.J. (1976): Pulsatile blood flow in a channel of small exponential divergence — II. Steady streaming due to the interaction of viscous effects with convected inertia. J. Fluids Eng. 98(Ser. 1, #4): 707.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SCHNECK, D.J., and WALBURN, F.J. (1978): The separation point trajectory in internal pulsatile flows. In “Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of Engineering in Medicine and Biology” Paper #26.8, 20: 226, Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Bethesda, Maryland.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHNECK, D.J., and WALBURN, F.J. (1979): Unsteady laminar-flow separation in tubes — II. The effect of variations in the frequency and amplitude of flow oscillations. Technical report Number VPI-E-79–21, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHNECK, D.J., WALBURN, F.J., and RICHARDSON, S.M. (1975): Unsteady laminar flow separation in tubes — I. The effect of non-linear streaming. Technical Report Number VPI-E-75–21-A, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCHWARTZ, C.J., and MITCHELL, M.R.A. (1962): Observations on localization of arterial plaques. Circulation Research 11: 63.

    Google Scholar 

  • SEARS, W.R., (1956): Some recent developments in airfoil theory. J. Aero. Sci. 23: 490.

    Google Scholar 

  • SEARS, W.R., and TELIONIS, D.P. (1975): Boundary-layer separation in unsteady flow. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 28(#1): 215.

    Google Scholar 

  • SPAET, T.H., and GAYNOR, E. (1970): Vascular Endothelial Damage and Thrombosis. In “Thrombosis and Coronary Heart Disease” P.I. Halonen and A. Louhija (Editors), pp. 47–66, S. Karger, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • TELIONIS, D.P. (1975): Calculations of time-dependent boundary layers. In “Unsteady Aerodynamics” R.B. Kinney (Ed.), pp. 155–190, The Arizona Board of Regents, Tucson, Arizona.

    Google Scholar 

  • TEXON, M. (1957): A hemodynamic concept of atherosclerosis, with particular reference to coronary occlusion. Arch, Int. Med. 99: 418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TURLAPATY, P.D.M.V., and ALTURA, B.M. (1980): Magnesium deficiency produces spasms of coronary arteries: Relationship to etiology of sudden death ischemic heart disease. Science 208: 198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • VELICAN, D. (1980): Coronary vasospasm as a pathogenetic mechanism of coronary heart disease. Rev. Roum. de Med. Int. 18(#1): 25.

    Google Scholar 

  • WALBURN, F.J., and SCHNECK, D.J. (1978): An experimental technique for quantifying unsteady flow separation in diverging circular channels. In “Proceedings of the First Mid-Atlantic Conference on Bio-Fluid Mechanics”, D.J. Schneck (Ed.), pp. 161–170, The Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Press, Blacksburg, Virginia.

    Google Scholar 

  • WALBURN, F.J., and SCHNECK, D.J. (1980): An experimental investigation of pulsatile laminar flow separation in exponentially diverging tubes. In “Biofluid Mechanics * 2”, D.J. Schneck (Ed.), pp. 433–456, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • ZELIS, R.F., and SCHROEDER, J.S. (Editors, 1980): Calcium, Calcium Antagonists, and Cardiovascular Disease, (Chest 78(#l): Supplement.

    Google Scholar 

  • ZELLER, H., TALUKDER, N., and LORENZ, J. (1970): Model studies of pulsating flow in arterial branches and wave propagation in blood vessies. In “Fluid Dynamics of Blood Circulation and Respiratory Flow”, Paper #15, Agard Conference of Proceedings #65–70.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1983 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schneck, D.J., Davis, R.B. (1983). Ischaemia in the Heart Due to Atherosclerotic Mechanisms, Flow Anomalies and Vascular Spasm. In: Dintenfass, L., Julian, D.G., Seaman, G.V.F. (eds) Heart Perfusion, Energetics, and Ischemia. NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series, vol 62. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0393-1_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0393-1_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0395-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0393-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics