Abstract
The group chose to define carnivory as:
“The acquisition of animal food resulting in the immediate death of the food organism”.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alldredge, A.L., The quantitative significance of gelatinous zooplankton as planktonic indicators, This volume.
Alliot, E., Pastoureaud, A., and Trellu, J., 1980, Evolution des activités enzymatiques dans le tractus digestif au cours de la vie larvaire de la Sole. Variations des proteinogrammes et des zymogrammes, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 8: 441.
Andersen, K.P., In press, An interpretation of the stomach contents of fish in relation to prey abundance, Dana, 2.
Arashkevich, Ye. G., 1969, The food and feeding of copepods in the north-western Pacific, Oceanology, 9: 695.
Banse, K., and Mosher, S., 1980, Adult body mass and annual production/biomass relationships of field populations, Ecol. Monogr., 50: 355.
Boon, J., 1978, “Molecular biogeochemistry of lipids in four natural environments,” Delft Univ. Press, Delft.
Campbell, R.A., Haedrich, R.L., and Munroe, T.A., 1980, Parasitism and ecological relationships among deep-sea benthic fishes, Marine Biology, 57: 301.
Childress, J.J., Taylor, S.M., Cailliet, G.M. and Price, M.H., 1980, Patterns of growth, energy utilization, and reproduction in some meso- and bathypelagic fishes off southern California, Mar. Biol., 61: 27.
Dotson, R.C., 1978, Fat deposition and utilization in albacore, in: G.D. Sharp and A.E. Dizon, eds., “The Physiological Ecology of Tunas,” Academic Press, New York.
Doyle, C.M., and Jamieson, J.D., 1978, Development of secretagogue response in rat pancreatic acinar cells, Developmental Biol., 65: 11.
Edmondson, W.T., and Winberg, G.G., 1971, A manual on methods for assessment of secondary productivity in fresh waters, IBP Handbook No. 17, Blackwell, Oxford.
Fowler, S.W., 1982, Biological transfer and transport processes. in: G. Kullenberg, ed. “Pollutant Transfer and Transport in the Sea,” C.R.C. Press, Cleveland, U.S.A.
Grassle, J.F., Sanders, H.L., Hessler, R.R., Rowe, G.T., and McLellan, T., 1975, Pattern and zonation: a study of the bathyal mega-fauna using the research submersible Alvin, Deep-Sea Res., 22: 457.
Grice, G.D., and Reeve, M.R., eds., 1982, “Marine Mesocosms,” Springer-Verlag, New York.
Haedrich, R.L., Rowe, G.T., and Polloni, P.T., 1980, The megabenthic fauna in the deep sea south of New England, Mar. Biol., 57: 165.
Hamner, W.M., Madin, L.P., Alldredge, A.L., Gilmer, R.W., and Hamner, P.P., 1975, Underwater observations of gelatinous zooplankton: sampling problems, feeding biology, and behaviour, Limnol. Oceanogr., 20: 907.
Holling, C.S., 1966a, The strategy of building models of complex ecological systems, in: K.E.F. Watt, ed. “Systems Analysis in Ecology,” Academic Press, New York.
Holling, C.S., 1966b, The functional response of invertebrate predators to prey density, Mem. entomol. Soc. Canada, No. 48, 5.
Holling, C.S., and Buckingham, S., 1976, A behavioural model of predator-prey functional responses, Behavioral Science, 21: 183.
Horridge, G.A., and Boulton, P.S., 1967, Prey detection by Chaetognatha via a vibrational sense, Proc. Roy. Soc. London. Ser. B, 168: 413.
Isaacs, J.D., 1973, Potential trophic biomasses and trace substance concentrations in unstructured marine food webs, Marine Biology, 22: 97.
Isaacs, J.D., 1977, The life of the open sea, Nature London, 267: 778.
Koehl, M.A.R., and Strickler, J.R., 1981, Copepod feeding currents: food capture at low Reynolds number, Limnol. Oceanogr. 26: 1062.
Lancroft, T.M., and Robison, B.N., 1980, Evidence of post-capture ingestion by midwater fishes in trawl nets, Fish. Bull. nat. mar. Fish. Serv., 77: 713.
Mackas, D.L., and Boyd, C.M., 1979, Spectral analysis of zooplankton spatial heterogeneity, Science, 204: 62.
Mackas, D.L., Curran, T.A., and Sloan, D., 1981, An electronic zooplankton counting and sizing system, Oceans Magazine, 12: 783.
May, R.M., 1973, “Stability and complexity in model ecosystems,” Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Mearns, A.J., Young, D.R., Olson, R.J. and Schafer, H.A., 1981, Trophic structure and the cesium-potassium ratio in pelagic ecosystems, CalCOFI Rep., 22: 99.
Mills, E.L., Pittman, K., and Tan, F.C., In press, Food-web structure on the Scotian shelf, Eastern Canada. A study using 13C as a food-chain tracer, Rapp. R.-v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer.
Paloheimo, J.E., 1971, On the theory of search, Biometrika, 58: 62.
Paloheimo, J.E., 1979, Indices of food type preference by a predator, J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 36: 470.
Pamatmat, M., Measuring the metabolism of the benthic ecosystem, This volume.
Parslow, J., Sonntag, N.C., and Matthews, J.B.L., 1979, Technique of systems identification applied to estimating copepod population parameters, J. Plankton Res., 1: 137.
Parsons, T.R., and LeBrasseur, R.J., 1970, The availability of food to different trophic levels in the marine food chain, in: “Marine Food Chains,” J.H. Steele, ed., Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh.
Platt, T., and Denman, K., 1977, Organization in the pelagic ecosystem, Helgol. wiss. Meeresunters., 30: 575.
Polloni, P., Haedrich, R.L., Rowe, C.T., and Clifford, C.H., 1979, The size-depth relationship in deep ocean animals, Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol., 64: 39.
Praët, M. van, and Geistdoerfer, P., 1980, Etudes des zymogrammes des tissus digestifs des poissons et invertébrés abyssaux, Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Paris, 290 (D): 1083.
Sargent, J.R., 1976, Marine wax esters, Sci. Progr. Oxford, 65: 637.
Schaefer, M.B., 1954, Some aspects of the dynamics of populations important to the management of commercial marine fisheries, Bull. inter-Amer. trop. Tuna Comm., 1: 26.
Sharp, G.D., Ecological efficiency and activity metabolism, This volume.
Sharp, G.D., and Dotson, R.C., 1977, Energy for migration in albacore, Thunnus alalunga, Fish. Bull. nat. mar. Fish. Serv., 75: 447.
Sharp, G.D., and Francis, R.C., 1976, An energetics model for the exploited yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, population in the eastern Pacific Ocean, Fish. Bull. nat. mar. Fish. Serv., 74: 36.
Sheldon, R.W., Prakash, A., and Sutcliffe, W.H., 1972, The size distribution of particles in the oceans, Limnol. Oceanogr., 17: 327.
Silvert, W., and Piatt, T., 1980, Dynamic energy-flow model of the particle size distribution in pelagic ecosystems, in: “Evolution and Ecology of Zooplankton Communities”, W.C. Kerfoot, ed., University Press of New England, Hanover, New Hampshire.
Solomon, M.E., 1949, The natural control of animal populations, J. Animal Ecol., 18: 1.
Steele, J.H., and Frost, B.W., 1977, The structure of plankton communities, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, B 280: 485.
Strickland, J.D.H., 1967, Between beakers and bays. New Scientist, London, 33: 276.
Thiel, H., 1975, The size structure of the deep-sea benthos, Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol., 60: 575.
Ulanowicz, R.E., Community measures of marine food webs and their possible applications, This volume.
Ursin, E., 1979, Population dynamics and fish behaviour, Invest. Pesquera, 43: 171.
Ursin, E., In press, Multispecies fish stock and yield assessment in I.C.E.S., Can. spec. Publ. Fish. aquat. Sci.
Van Valen, L., 1973, Body size and numbers of plants and animals, Evolution, 27: 27.
Volkman, J.K., Corner, E.D.S., and Eglinton, G., 1980, Transformations of biolipids in the marine food web and in the underlying bottom sediments, Colloque international de C.N.R.S., Marseille, 1979, 185.
Ware, D.M., 1975, Growth, metabolism, and optimal swimming speed of a pelagic fish, J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 32: 33.
Ware, D.M., 1980, Bioenergetics of stock and recruitment, Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci., 37: 1012.
Williams, P. Le B., Bacterial production in the marine food chain; the emperor’s new suit of clothes?, This volume.
Williams, R.C., An overview of secondary production in pelagic ecosystems, This volume.
Wilson, D.S., 1973, Food size selection among copepods, Ecology, 54: 909.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Matthews, J.B.L. et al. (1984). Carnivory. In: Fasham, M.J.R. (eds) Flows of Energy and Materials in Marine Ecosystems. NATO Conference Series, vol 13. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0387-0_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0387-0_29
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-0389-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4757-0387-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive