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Flows of Energy and Materials in Marine Ecosystems pp 549–595Cite as

Coupling the Sub-Systems — the Baltic Sea as a Case Study

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Part of the book series: NATO Conference Series ((MARS,volume 13))

Abstract

Even if we adopt two commonly used criteria for defining a subsystem, namely, stronger interactions within the system than over the boundaries (Webster, 1979) and physically recognized boundaries (Rowe, 1961) we can differentiate two types of subsystems, the geographical, for example the coastal region, and the ecological such as the pelagic zone. This does not exclude the possibility of treating the coastal region as an ecological system but usually the region would include several clear-cut ecosystems more or less highly connected. Being a higher organizational level the regions have a slower dynamic response and determine the climate for the enclosed ecosystems. The urgent need for better knowledge of the processes and flows of the biological systems (Platt et al., 1981) has been exemplified by stressing the importance of primary production, respiration, excretion feeding, etc. This is certainly of importance but there is an equal lack of understanding of the degree of connection between the phytal, pelagic and softbottom subsystems or between the coastal and offshore areas. We should therefore not concentrate our efforts on one organizational level alone but through continuously climbing up and down the hierarchical ladder bring our knowledge towards an increasing understanding of the total system’s behaviour.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Marine Ecology, The Askö Laboratory, University of Stockholm, Box 6801, S-113 86, Stockholm, Sweden

    B.-O. Jansson, W. Wilmot & F. Wulff

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  1. B.-O. Jansson
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  2. W. Wilmot
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  1. Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Godalming, Surrey, UK

    M. J. R. Fasham

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Jansson, BO., Wilmot, W., Wulff, F. (1984). Coupling the Sub-Systems — the Baltic Sea as a Case Study. In: Fasham, M.J.R. (eds) Flows of Energy and Materials in Marine Ecosystems. NATO Conference Series, vol 13. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0387-0_21

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