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Survival, Dormancy, and Nonculturable Cells in Extreme Deep-Sea Environments

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Book cover Nonculturable Microorganisms in the Environment

Abstract

An important conclusion from the initial application of 16S rRNA sequence analysis to problems in microbial ecology (263) is that most microorganisms (and frequently the dominant ones in an environment) do not exist in culture collections (6, 59, 124, 158). The basis for the incongruence between cultivated and naturally occurring strains has been attributed to microbial competition during the culturing process, to cell dormancy in nature due to starvation and other stresses, and (or) to insufficient understanding of the combined physical, chemical, and nutritional conditions required by the dominant strains, especially by symbionts and members of consortia. The ability to culture only a minor fraction of the microorganisms occurring in nature is particularly perplexing in specialized environments where limited diversity is anticipated and intensive culturing efforts have been pursued for decades, as in the famous hot springs of Yellowstone National Park (15, 336). On the other hand, the discovery that potentially key microbial players in pelagic marine environments do not yet exist in culture (70, 71, 75, 116, 118, 125, 237, 297) is less surprising. The oceans are spatially extensive, remote to sample, chemically and physically diverse on many scales, and frequently characterized by extreme conditions of temperature, pressure, or oligotrophy (300), promoting starvation and dormancy (230). Together these conditions make obtaining representative cultures, or even samples, of the major microbial players difficult and the results sometimes counterintuitive. For example, anaerobic microorganisms are now known to live in oxygenated sections of the water column. Biologically produced methane has been detected in such waters (208, 301), as have significant communities of uncultured (activity unknown) archaeal organisms, identified by rRNA sequence analysis as possibly related to known anaerobic genera (70, 116, 118, 237).

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  1. School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Box 357940, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

    Jody W. Deming & John A. Baross

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  1. Center of Marine Biotechnology, Columbus Center, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, 21202, USA

    Rita R. Colwell

  2. Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, Mississippi, 39566-7000, USA

    D. Jay Grimes

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Deming, J.W., Baross, J.A. (2000). Survival, Dormancy, and Nonculturable Cells in Extreme Deep-Sea Environments. In: Colwell, R.R., Grimes, D.J. (eds) Nonculturable Microorganisms in the Environment. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0271-2_10

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