Abstract
Success of birds in breeding and molt obviously implies adequate availability in either food or body fuel reserves. However, due to conflicting requirements, a limit in these energetic conditions for success may be reached. For example, following an impairment of climatic conditions, availability of food may be reduced while the decrease in the body fuel reserves of the breeders is accelerated. In the same time, increased foraging by the breeders may be limited due to protection of eggs or chicks from cold or predation (Calder and Booser, 1973; Milne, 1976; Aldrich and Raveling, 1983). Molt may also bring birds into a near marginal energetic condition, particularly in those species which simultaneously replace all their feathers. Ability for foraging may be impaired while there are higher energetic demands due to decreased thermal insulation and building of new plumage (Groscolas, 1978).
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Robin, JP., Handrich, Y., Cherel, Y., Le Maho, Y. (1989). Energy Saving during Breeding and Molt in Birds. In: Bech, C., Reinertsen, R.E. (eds) Physiology of Cold Adaptation in Birds. NATO ASI Series, vol 173. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0031-2_31
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