Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Power Vacuum Tubes Handbook pp 453–504Cite as

Reliability Considerations

  • Chapter

  • 263 Accesses

Abstract

The ultimate goal of any design engineer or maintenance department is zero downtime. This is an elusive goal, but one that can be approximated by examining the vulnerable areas of plant operation and taking steps to prevent a sequence of events that could result in system failure. In cases where failure prevention is not practical, a reliability assessment should encompass the stocking of spare parts, circuit boards, or even entire systems. A large facility may be able to cost-justify the purchase of backup gear that can be used as spares for the entire complex. Backup hardware is expensive, but so is downtime. Because of the finite lifetime of power vacuum tubes, these considerations are of special significance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Anderson, Leonard R., Electric Machines and Transformers, Reston Publishing Company, Reston, VA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brauer, D. C., and G. D. Brauer,“Reliability-Centered Maintenance,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, D., and R. Walker,“Run-In Strategy for Electronic Assemblies,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Capitano, J., and J. Feinstein,“Environmental Stress Screening Demonstrates Its Value in the Field,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, Richard J.,“Electronic Packaging and Interconnect Technology Working Group Report (IDA/OSD R&M Study),” IDA Record Document D-39, Institute of Defense Analysis, August 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Cleaning and Flushing Klystron Water and Vapor Cooling Systems,” Application Engineering Bulletin no. AEB-32, Varian Associates, Palo Alto, CA, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Cleaning UHF-TV Klystron Ceramics,” Technical Bulletin no. 4537, Varian Associates, Palo Alto, CA, May 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Conditioning of Large Radio-Frequency Power Tubes,” Application Bulletin no. 21, Varian/Eimac, San Carlos, CA, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Des-Plas, Edward,“Reliability in the Manufacturing Cycle,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devaney, John,“Piece Parts ESS in Lieu of Destructive Physical Analysis,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick, Brad,“Caring for High-Power Tubes,” Broadcast Engineering, Intertec Publishing, Overland Park, KS, pp. 48 – 58, November 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick, Brad,“Caring for High-Power Tubes,” Broadcast Engineering, Intertec Publishing, Overland Park, KS, pp. 48 – 58, November 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Extending Transmitter Tube Life,” Application Bulletin no. 18, Varian/Eimac, San Carlos, CA, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Fault Protection,” Application Bulletin no. 17, Varian/Eimac, San Carlos, CA, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • “55 kW Integral Cavity Klystron Arc Shields,” Technical Bulletin no. 4441, Varian Associates, Palo Alto, CA, April 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fink, D., and D. Christiansen (eds.), Electronics Engineers’ Handbook, 3rd Ed., McGrawHill, New York, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortna, H., R. Zavada, and T. Warren,“An Integrated Analytic Approach for Reliability Improvement,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey, R., G. Ratchford, and B. Wendling,“Vibration and Shock Testing for Computers,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, P.,“Analysis of the F/A-18 Hornet Flight Control Computer Field Mean Time Between Failure,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, M. D., and R. L. Watts,“Software System Safety and Reliability,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermason, Sue E., Major, USAF. Letter dated December 2, 1988. From: Yates, W., and D. Shaller,“Reliability Engineering as Applied to Software,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • High Power Transmitting Tubes for Broadcasting and Research, Philips Technical Publication, Eindhoven, the Netherlands, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, Gregg K.,“Development of Stress Screens,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, R., and F. Hall,“Maintenance Centered Reliability,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irland, Edwin A.,“Assuring Quality and Reliability of Complex Electronic Systems: Hardware and Software,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 76, no. 1, IEEE, New York, January 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, Edward C., Reference Data for Engineers: Radio, Electronics, Computer, and Communications, 7th Ed., Howard W. Sams, Indianapolis, IN, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenett, R., and M. Pollak,“A Semi-Parametric Approach to Testing for Reliability Growth, with Application to Software Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Reliability, IEEE, New York, August 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laboratory Staff, The Care and Feeding of Power Grid Tubes, Varian EIMAC, San Carlos, CA, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maynard, Egbert,“OUSDRE Working Group, VHSIC Technology Working Group Report (IDA/OSD R&M Study),” Document D-42, Institute of Defense Analysis, November 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meeldijk, Victor,“Why Do Components Fail?” Electronic Servicing and Technology, Intertec Publishing, Overland Park, KS, November 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nenoff, Lucas,“Effect of EMP Hardening on System R&M Parameters,” Proceedings of the 1986 Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neubauer, R. E., and W. C. Laird,“Impact of New Technology on Repair,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearman, Richard, Power Electronics, Reston Publishing Company, Reston, VA, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, Richard,“Temperature Cycling vs. Steady-State Burn-In,” Circuits Manufacturing, Benwill Publishing, September 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Power Grid Tubes for Radio Broadcasting,” Publication no. DTE-115, Thomson-CSF, Dover, NJ, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Recommendations for Protection of 4KM Series Klystrons During Prime Power Interruptions,” Technical Bulletin no. 3542, Varian Associates, Palo Alto, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Reconditioning of UHF-TV Klystron Electron Gun Elements,” Technical Bulletin no. 4867, Varian Associates, Palo Alto, CA, July 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Reduced Heater Voltage Operation,” Technical Bulletin no. 4863, Varian Associates, Palo Alto, CA, June 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D., and S. Sauve,“Analysis of Failed Parts on Naval Avionic Systems,” Report no. D180–22840-1, Boeing Company, October 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spradlin, B. C.,“Reliability Growth Measurement Applied to ESS,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Svet, Frank A.,“Factors Affecting On-Air Reliability of Solid State Transmitters,” Proceedings of the SBE Broadcast Engineering Conference, Society of Broadcast Engineers, Indianapolis, IN, October 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Technical Staff, Military/Aerospace Products Division, The Reliability Handbook, National Semiconductor, Santa Clara, CA, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tube Topics: A Guide for Vacuum Tube Users in a Transistorized World, Econco Broadcast Service, Woodland, CA, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tustin, Wayne,“Recipe for Reliability: Shake and Bake,” IEEE Spectrum, IEEE, New York, December 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • “UHF-TV Klystron Focusing Electromagnets,” Technical Bulletin no. 3122, Varian Associates, Palo Alto, CA, November 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitaker, J. C., Maintaining Electronic Systems, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitaker, J. C., Radio Frequency Transmission Systems: Design and Operation, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, M. F., and M. L. Woodruff,“Economic Benefits of Parts Quality Knowledge,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, Sam,“What Do You Know About Electronics,” Electronic Servicing and Technology, Intertec Publishing, Overland Park, KS, September 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, K. L.,“Demonstrating Reliability and Reliability Growth with Environmental Stress Screening Data,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong, K. L., I. Quart, L. Kallis, and A. H. Burkhard,“Culprits Causing Avionics Equipment Failures,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worm, Charles M.,“The Real World: A Maintainer’s View,” Proceedings of the IEEE Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, IEEE, New York, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Jerry C. Whitaker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Whitaker, J.C. (1994). Reliability Considerations. In: Power Vacuum Tubes Handbook. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9987-2_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9987-2_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-9989-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-9987-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation