Abstract
In the journey from raw materials in ores to metals as finished products, roasting represents a significant milestone. Specifically, roasting covers operations between ore dressing or concentration on the one hand and actual metal recovery and finishing on the other. Traditional roasting involves chemical reactions with the furnace atmosphere at temperatures below the fusion point of the charge or product. Reactions in the molten state to produce metal, matte, or slag are metallurgically distinguished as smelting.
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Khalafalla, S.E. et al. (1979). Pyrometallurgical Processes. In: Sohn, H.Y., Wadsworth, M.E. (eds) Rate Processes of Extractive Metallurgy. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9117-3_5
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