Skip to main content

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Natural Products: Phototoxic Thiophenes

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Recent Advances in Phytochemistry ((RAPT,volume 25))

Abstract

The wide diversity of secondary metabolites known to exist throughout the plant kingdom has been partially attributed to plant-pest coevolution,1,2 although aspects of the process remain controversial.3 It is also known that fungal infections can elicit the production and accumulation of toxic plant secondary metabolites.4 The elaborate design of chemical defences in plants can involve mixtures of related structures in one biosynthetic class or multiple lines of chemical defence in a single plant species.5 For example, Chrysanthemum spp. contain several phototoxic thiophenes and acetylenes, cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones, and insecticidal Pyrethrins and isobutylamides.6

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. BERENBAUM, M. 1983. Coumarins and caterpillars: a case for coevolution. Evolution 37: 163–179.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. EHRLICH, P. R., RAVEN, P.A. 1964. Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution. Evolution 18: 586–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. STRONG, D.R., LAVVTON, J.H., SOUTHWOOD, R. 1984. Insects on Plants: Community Patterns and Mechanisms. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 313.

    Google Scholar 

  4. KOURANY, E., ARNASON, J.T., SCHNEIDER, E. 1988. Accumulation of phototoxic thiophenes in Tagetes erecta (Asteraceae) elicited by Fusarium oxysporum. Physiol. Molec. Plant Pathol. 33: 287–297.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. BERENBAUM, M. 1985. Brementown revisited: interactions among allelochemicals in plants. In: Chemically Mediated Interactions Between Plants and Other Organisms, G.A. Cooper-Driver, T. Swain, E.A. Conn, eds., Rec. Adv. Phytochem. 19: 139–169.

    Google Scholar 

  6. WAGNER, H. 1977. Pharmaceutical and economic uses of the Compositae. In: The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae, vol. 1, V.H. Heywood, J.B. Harborne, B.L. Turner, eds., Academic Press, London, pp. 411–433.

    Google Scholar 

  7. HALL, I.H., LEE, K.H., STARNES, C.O., SUMIDA, Y., WU, R.Y., WADDELL, T.G., COCHRAN, J.W., GERHART, K.G. 1979. Anti-inflammatory activity of sesquiterpenelactones and related compounds. J. Pharm. Sci. 68: 537–542.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. HALL, LH., LEE, K.H., STARNES, CO., MURAOKA, O., SUMIDA, Y., WADDELL, T.G. 1980. Antihyperlipidemic activity of sesquiterpene lactones and related compounds. J. Pharm. Sci. 69: 694–697.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. HALL, I.H., LEE, K.H., MAR, E.C., STARNES, C.O., WADDELL, T.G. 1977. Antitumor agents. 21. A proposed mechanism for inhibition of cancer growth by tenulin and helenalin and related cyclopentenones. J. Med. Chem. 20: 333–337.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. SELASSIE, C.D., HANSCH, C., KHWAJA, T.A. 1989. Structure-activity relationships of antineoplastic agents in multidrug resistance. J. Med. Chem. 33: 1914–1919.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. BENIGNI, R., ANDREOLI, C., GIULIANI, A. 1989. Interrelationships among carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, acute toxicity, and chemical structure in a genotoxicity data base. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 27: 1–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. ENSLEIN, K., CRAIG, P.N. 1982. Carcinogenesis: a predictive structure-activity model. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health 10: 521–530.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. MATSUDA, K., HAMADA, M., NISHIMURA, K., FUJITA, T. 1990. Quantitative structure-activity studies of pyrethroids. 21. Substituted benzyl esters of “kadethric” acid and depolarization of the axonal membrane of crayfish. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 37: 200–209.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. NISHIMURA, K., KUROGOCHI, N., FUJITA, T. 1990. Quantitative structure-activity studies of pyrethroids. 22. Physiochemical substituent effects on insecticidal activity of meta-substituted benzyl chrysanthemates and their dibromovinyl analogs. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 37:41–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. MARTIN, Y.C. 1978. Quantitative Drug Design: A Critical Introduction. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 425.

    Google Scholar 

  16. HANSCH, C., KIM, D., LEO, A.J., NOVELLINO, E., SILIPO, C., VITTORIA, A. 1989. Toward a quantitative comparative toxicology of organic compounds. CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 19: 185–226.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. KUBINYI, H. 1977. Quantitative structure-activity relationships. 7. Thebilinear model, a new model for nonlinear dependence of biological activity on hydrophobiccharacter. J. Med. Chem. 20:625–629.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. FINNEY, D.J. 1964. Probit Analysis: A Statistical Treatment of the Sigmoid Response Curve, 2nd ed., University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  19. HANSCH, C., KLEIN, T.E. 1986. Molecular graphics and QSAR in the study of enzyme-ligand interactions. On the definition of bio-receptors. Acc. Chem. Res. 19: 392–400.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. COMPADRE, C.M., HANSCH, C., KLEIN, T.E., LANGRIDGE, R. 1990. The structure-activity relationships of the papain hydrolysis of N-benzoylglycine esters. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1038:158–163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. KUBINYI, H. 1979. Lipophilicity and drug activity. Prog. Drug Res. 23: 97–198.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. HANSCH, C., LEO, A. 1979. Substituent Constants for Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 339.

    Google Scholar 

  23. LEO, A., HANSCH, C., ELKINS, D. 1971. Partition coefficients and their uses. Chem. Rev. 71: 525–616.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. PURCELL, W.P., BASS, G.E., CLAYTON, J.M. 1973. Strategy of drug design: a guide to biological activity. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 193.

    Google Scholar 

  25. ELLGEHAUSEN, H., D’HONDT, C., FUERER, R. 1981. Reversed-phase chromatography as a general method for determining octan-1-ol/water partition coefficients. Pestic. Sei. 12: 219–227.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. KONEMANN, H., ZELLE, R., BUSSER, F. 1979. Determination of log Poct, values of chloro-substituted benzenes, toluenes and anilines by high-performance liquid chromatography on ODS-silica. J. Chromatog. 178: 559–565.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. ANONYMOUS. 1989. MedChem software manuals. Daylight Chemical Information Systems, Inc., Claremont, California, pp. 75 (CLOGPS), pp. 16 (CMR).

    Google Scholar 

  28. DUNN, W J., III. 1977. Molar refractivity as an independent variable in quantitative structure-activity studies. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 12: 109–112.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. HAMMETT, LP. 1970. Physical Organic Chemistry: Reaction Rates, Equilibria, and Mechanisms, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, pp. 420.

    Google Scholar 

  30. SHORTER, J. 1982. Correlation Analysis of Organic Reactivity, With Particular Reference to Multiple Regression. Research Studies Press. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 235.

    Google Scholar 

  31. HANSCH, C., MUIR, R.M., FUJITA, T., MALONEY, P.P., GEIGER, F., STREICH, M. 1963. The correlation of biological activity of plant growth regulators and Chloromycetin derivatives with Hammett constants and partition coefficients. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 85: 2817–2824.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. CHARTON, M. 1971. The quantitative treatment of the ortho effect. Prog. Phys. Org. Chem. 8: 235–317.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. FUJITA, T., NISHIOKA, T. 1976. The analysis of the ortho effect. Prog. Phys. Org. Chem. 112: 49–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. COMPADRE, R.L., DEBNATH, A.K., SHUSTERMAN, A.J., HANSCH, C. 1990. LUMO energies and hydrophobicity as determinants of mutagenicity by nitroaromatic compounds in Salmonella typhimurium. Envir. Molec. Mutagen. 15: 44–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. ARNASON, J.T., PHILOGENE, B.J.R., MORAND, P., IMRIE, K., IYENGAR, S., DUVAL, F., SOUCY-BREAU, C., SCAIANO, J.C., WERSTIUK, N.H., HASSPIELER, B., DOWNE, A.E.R. 1989. Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Thiophenes as Photoactivated Insecticides. In: Insecticides of plant origin, J.T. Arnason, B.J.R. Philogene, P. Morand, eds., ACS Symposium Series 387, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp. 164–172.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. IYENGAR, S., ARNASON, J.T., PHILOGENE, B.J.R., MORAND, P., WERSTIUK, N.H., TIMMINS, G. 1990. Toxicokinetics of the phototoxic allelochemical a-terthienyl in three herbivorous lepidoptera. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 29: 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. BERENBAUM, M.R. 1987. Charge of the Light Brigade: phototoxicity as a defense against insects. In: Light-activated pesticides, J.R. Heitz, K.R. Downum, eds., ACS Symposium Series 339, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp. 206–216.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  38. TOWERS, G.H.N., HUDSON, J.B. 1987. Potentially useful antimicrobial and antiviral phototoxins from plants. Photochem. Photobiol. 46: 61–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. HUDSON, J.B., TOWERS, G.H.N. 1988. Antiviral properties of photosensitizers. Photochem. Photobiol. 48: 289–296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. HASSPIELER, B.M., ARNASON, J.T., DOWNE, A.E.R. 1988. Toxicity, localization, and elimination of the phototoxin, alpha-terthienyl, in mosquito larvae. J. Amer. Mosquito Control Assoc. 4: 479–484.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. PHILOGENE, B.J.R., ARNASON, J.T., BERG, C.W., DUVAL, F., CHAMPAGNE, D., TAYLOR, R.G., LEITCH, L.C., MORAND, P. 1985. Synthesis and evaluation of the naturally occurring phototoxin, alpha-terthienyl, as a control agent for larvae of Aedes intrudens, Aedes atropalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Simulium verecundum (Diptera: Simuliidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 78: 121–126.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. McLACHLAN, D., ARNASON, T., LAM, J. 1984. The role of oxygen in photosensitizations with polyacetylenes and thiophene derivatives. Photochem. Photobiol. 39: 177–182.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. SCAIANO, J.C., MACEACHERN, A., ARNASON, J.T., MORAND, P., WEIR, D. 1987. Singlet oxygen generating efficiency of a-terthienyl and some of its synthetic analogues. Photochem. Photobiol. 46: 193–199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Scaiano, J.C., Redmond, R.W., Mehta, B., Arnason, J.T. 1990. Efficiency of the photoprocesses leading to singlet oxygen (1Dg) generation by a-terthienyl: optical absorption, optoacoustic calorimetry and infrared luminescence studies. Photochem. Photobiol. 52: 655–659.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Downum, K.R., Rodriguez, E. 1986. Toxicological action and ecological importance of plant photosensitizers. J. Chem. Ecol. 12: 823–834.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Arnason, J.T., Philogene, B.J.R., Berg, C., Maceachern, A., Kaminski, J., Leitch, L. C., Morand, P., Lam, J. 1986. Phototoxicity of naturally occurring and synthetic thiophene and acetylene analogues to mosquito larvae. Phytochemmstry 25: 1609–1611.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Mclachlan, D., Arnason, T., Lam, J. 1986. Structure-function relationships in the phototoxicity of acetylenes from the Asteraceae. Biochem. System. Ecol. 14: 17–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Marchant, Y.Y., Cooper, G.K. 1987. Structure and function relationships in polyacetylene photoactivity. In: Lightactivated Pesticides, J.R. Heitz, K.R. Downum, eds., ACS Symposium Series 339, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp. 241–254.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  49. Michael, A.S., Thompson, C.G., Abramovitz, M. 1956. Artemia salina as a test organism for bioassay. Science 123: 464.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Alkofahi, A., Rupprecht, J.K., Anderson, J.E., Mclaughlin, J.L., Mikolajczak, K.L., Scott, B.A. 1989. Search for new pesticides from higher plants. In: Insecticides of Plant Origin, J.T. Arnason, B.J.R. Philogene, P. Morand, eds., ACS Symposium Series 387, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp. 25–43.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  51. Kinghorn, A.D., Jawad, F.H., Doorenbos, N.J. 1978. Structure-activity relationship of grayanotoxin derivatives using a tetrodotoxin-antagonized spasmodic response of brine shrimp larvae Artemia salina. Toxicon 16: 227–234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Maceachern, A., Soucy, C., Leitch, L.C., Arnason, J.T., Morand, P. 1988. Synthesis and characterization of alkyl-, halo-and hetero-substituted derivatives of the potent phototoxina-terthienyl. Tetrahedron 44: 2403–2412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Evans, C., Weir, D., Scaiano, J.C., Maceachern, A., Arnason, J.T., Morand, P., Hollebone, B., Leitch, L.C., Philogene, B.J.R. 1986. Photochemistry of the botanical phototoxin, a-terthienyl and some related compounds. Photochem. Photobiol. 44: 441–451.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Rodgers, M.A.J., Snowden, P.T. 1982. Lifetime of 02(lDg) in liquid water as determined by time-resolved infrared luminescence measurements. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 104: 5541–5543.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Keene, J.P., Kessel, D., Land, E.J., Redmond, R.W., Truscott, T.G. 1986. Direct detection of singlet oxygen sensitized by haematoporphyrin and related compounds. Photochem. Photobiol. 43: 117–120.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Jagger, J. 1977. Phototechnology and biological experimentation. In: The Science of Photobiology, (K.C. Smith, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 1–28.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  57. Meyer, B.N., Ferrigni, N.R., Putnam, J.E., Jacobsen, L.B., Nichols, D.E., Mclaughlin, J.L. 1982. Brine shrimp: a convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents. Planta Medica 45(1): 31–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Arnason, J.T., Marles, R., Aucoin, R.R. 1991. Isolation and biological activity of plant derived phototoxins. In: Photobiological Techniques, R. Douglas, P. Mathis, R. Pottier, D. Valenzeno, eds., NATO Advanced Study Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Fields, P.G., Arnason, J.T., Philogene, B.J.R., Aucoin, R.R., Morand, P., Soucy, C. In press. Phototoxins as insecticides and natural plant defences. Can. Entomol.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Kagan, J., Kagan, P.A., Buhse, H.Ejr. 1984. Light-dependent toxicity of a-terthienyl and anthracene toward late embryonic stages of Rana pipiens. J. Chem. Ecol. 10: 1115–1122.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Kagan, J., Kagan, E.D., Seigneurie, E. 1986. Alpha-terthienyl, a powerful fish poison with light-dependent activity. Chemosphere 15:49–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Kagan, J., Bennett, W.J., Kagan, E.D., Maas, J.L., Sweeney, S.A., Kagan, I.A., Seigneurie, E., Bindo-Kas, V. 1987. a-Terthienyl as a photoactiveinsecticide: toxic effects on nontarget organisms. In: Light-activated pesticides, J.R. Heitz, K.R. Downum, eds., ACS Symposium Series 339, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp. 176–191.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  63. Philogene, B.J.R., Arnason, J.T., Berg, C.W., Duval, F., Morand, P. 1986. Efficacy of the plant phototoxin a-terthienyl against Aedes intrudens and effects on nontarget organisms. J. Chem. Ecol. 12: 893–898.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Arnason, J.T., Philogene, B.J.R., Morand, P., Scaiano, J.C., Werstiuk, N., Lam, J. 1987. Thiophenesand acetylenes: phototoxic agents to herbivorous and blood-feeding insects. In: Light-activated pesticides, J.R. Heitz, K.R. Downum, eds., ACS Symposium Series 339, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., pp. 255–264.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Marles, R.J. et al. (1991). Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Natural Products: Phototoxic Thiophenes. In: Fischer, N.H., Isman, M.B., Stafford, H.A. (eds) Modern Phytochemical Methods. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry, vol 25. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9060-2_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9060-2_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-9062-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-9060-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics