Abstract
It is well known that lithium carbonate, which is frequently used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders,can induce a syndrome characterized by polyuria and polydipsia (1). According to the various investigators, these clinical findings appear in a range between 20% and 70% of the patients treated (2,3,4,5,6,7). Lithium-induced polyuria and polydipsia may be due to primary polydipsia with secondary polyuria or to primary polyuria with secondary polydipsia. In support of the above-mentioned alternatives, it has been reported that lithium may stimulate thirst or may interfere with the ADH-dependent mechanisms. Experimental studies on rats have demonstrated that lithium can stimulate thirst (8,9,10,11). Other experimental studies on rats have demonstrated that lithium can deplete the posterior pituitary gland and the supra-optic nuclei of their neuro-endocrine material (12,13), showing that lithium may interfere with the synthesis, deposit and/or release of the ADH hormone, causing central diabetes insipidus. On the other hand, another cause which has been suggested is an interference by the lithium with the tubular renal action of the ADH, causing nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (14,15,16,17). In contrast, however, some authors were unable, under somewhat different experimental conditions, to detect a lithium-induced inhibition of the ADH -stimulated water flow in toads’ urinary bladders (18).
Keywords
- Diabetes Insipidus
- Plasma Osmolality
- Urinary Osmolality
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Central Diabetes Insipidus
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
M. Schou, Lithium in psychiatric therapy, Psychopharmacologia.1: 65 (1959).
J.N. JR Forrest, A.D. Cohen, J. Torretti, J.M. Himmelhoch, F.H. Epstein, On the mechanism of lithium-induced diabetes insipidus in man and the rat, J. Clin. Invest. 53: 1115 (1974).
M. Schou, P.C. Baastrup, P. Grof, P. Weis, J.Angst, Pharmacological and clinical problems of lithium prophylaxis, Br. J. Psychiatry 116: 615 (1970).
J.L. Marini, M.H. Sheard, Sustained-release lithium carbonate in a double-blind study: serum lithium levels, side effects, and placebo response, J. Clin. Pharmacol. 16: 276 (1976)
W.O. Williams, A.Z. Györy,Aspects of the use of lithium for the non-psychiatrist, Aust. NZ J. Med. 6: 233 (1976).
P.L. Padfield, S.J. Park, J.J. Morton, A.E. Braidwood, Plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone in patients receiving prolonged lithium therapy, Br. J. Psychiatry 130: 144 (1977).
P.H. Baylis, D.A. Heath, Water disturbances in patients treated with oral lithium carbonate, Ann. Incern. Med. 88: 607 (1978).
J.N. Galla, J.N. Forresit, B. Hecht, M. Kashgarian, J.P. Hayslett, Effect of liuhium on water and electrolyte metabolism, Yale J. Biol. Med. 48: 305 (1975).
D.F. Smith, S. Balagura, M. Lubran, Antidotal thirst: a response to intoxication. Science 167: 297 (1970)
D.F. Smith, S. Balagura, Sodium appetite in rats given lithium. Life Sci. 11: 1021 (1972).
M.H. Miskind, R.E. Greenspan, W.H. Bay, T.F. Ferris, Studies on lithium-induced polyuria, Clin.Res. 25: 596 A (1977).
G.L. Ellman, G.L. Gan, Lithium ion and water balance in rats, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 25: 617 (1973).
S. Hochman, Y. Gutman, Lithium: ADH antagonism and ADH independent action in rats with diabetes insipidus, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 28: 100 (1974).
I. Singer, D. Rotenberg, J.B. Puschett, Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: in vivo and in vitro studies, J.Clin.Invest. 51: 1081 (1972).
I. Singer, E.A. Franko, Lichium-induced ADH resistance in road urinary bladders. Kidney Int. 3: 151 (1973).
C.A. Harris, F.A. Jenner, Some aspects of the inhibition of the action of antidiuretic hormone by lithium ions in the rat kidney and bladder of the toad Bufo marinus, Br. J. Pharmacol. 44: 223 (1972).
C. Torpr-Pederson, N.A. Thorn, Acute effects of lithium on the action and release of ADH in rats. Acta Endocrinol. (Kbh) 73: 665 (1973)
P.J. Bencley, A. Wasserman, The effects of lithium on the permeability of an epithelial membrane, the toad urinary bladder, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 266: 285 (1972).
A. Tausch, H. Stegner, R.D. Leake, H.G. Artman, and D.A. Fisher, Radioimmunoassay of arginine vasopressin in urine: development and applicacion, J. Clin. Endo. & Merab. 57: 111 (1983)
P.D. Miller, S.L. Dubovsky, K.M. McDonald, F.H. Katz, G.L. Robertson, R.W. Schrier, Central, renal and adrenal effects of lithium in man. Am. J. Med. 66: 797 (1979).
P.L. Padfield, J.J. Morton, G.B.M. Lindop and G.C. Timbury, Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; changes in plasma vasopressin and angiotensin II, Clin. Nephrol. 3: 220 (1975).
P.L. Padfield, S.J. Park, J.J. Morton and A.E. Braidwood, Plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone in patients receiving prolonged lithium therapy, Brit. J. Psychiatry 130: 144 (1977).
R.P. Hullin, V.P. Coley, N.J. Birch, T.H. Thomas, D.B. Morgan, Renal function after long-term treatment with lithium, Br.Med.J. 1: 1457 (1979).
A.J.M. Donker, E. Prins, S. Meijer, W.J. Sluiter, J.W.B.M. Van Berkestijn and L.C.W. Dols, A renal function study in 30 patients on long-term lithium therapy, Clin.Nephrol. 12: 254 (1979).
M. Cox, I. Singer, Lithium and wauer metabolism. Am.J.Med. 59: 153 (1975).
D. Schlondorf, J.A. Satriano, Interactions of vasopressin, cAMP, and prostaglandins in toad urinary bladder. Am.J.Physiol. 248: F454 (1985).
K.H. Raymond, M.D. Lifschitz, Effect of prostaglandin on renal salt and water excretion. Am. J.Med. 80 (lA): 22 (1986).
T.P. Dousa, O. Hechter, The effect of NaCl and liCl on vasopressin-sensitive adenyl cyclase. Life Sci 9: 765 (1970).
N.P. Beck, S.W. Reed, B.B. Davis, Effeccs of lithium on renal concentration of cyclic AMP, Clin. ‘Res. 19: 684 (1971).
A. Geisier, O. Wraae, O.V. Olesen, Adenyl cyclase activity in kidneys of rats with lithium-induced polyuria. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Kbh) 31: 203 (1972).
T.B. Dousa, Lithium: interaccion with ADH dependent cyclic AI4P system of human renal medulla, Clin.Res. 21: 2 82 (1973).
G. Eknoyan, G.R. Corey, J. Loomis, W.N. Suki, M. Martinez-Maldonado, Lithium-induced diabetes insipidus: effect on urinary cyclic AMP excretion and renal tissue adenylate cyclase activity, Clin.Res. 22: 524 (1974).
G.W. Rutecki, J.V. Nally, W.H. Bay, T.F. Ferris, The acute effects of lithium (Li) on renal function (abstract), Xth Annual Meeting American Society of Nephrology, Washington, D.C., November 20–22 (1977).
J. Orloff, J.S. Handler, S. Bergstrom, Effect of prostaglandin PGE, on the permeability response of toad bladder to vasopressin, theophylline, and adenosine 3’ – 5’– monophosphate. Nature 205: 397 (1965).
J.J. Grantham, J.Orloff, Effect of prostaglandin E on the permeability response of the isolated collecting tubule to vasopressin, adenosine 3’ – 5’– monophosphate, and theophylline, J.Clin. Invest. 47: 1154 (1968).
F. Marumo, J.S. Eelman, Effects of Ca++ and prostaglandin E on vasopressin activation of renal adenyl cyclase, J.Clin.Invest. 50: 1613 (1971).
A. Kalisker, D.C. Dyler, Inhibition of the vasopressinactivated adenyl cyclase from renal medulla by prostaglanins, Eur. J. Pharmacol. 20: 143 (1972).
G.M. Lum, G.A. Aisenbrey, M.J. Dunn, T. Berl, R.W. Schrier, K.M. McDonald, In vivo effect of indomethacin to potentiate the renal medullary cyclic AMP response to vasopressin, J.Clin.Invest. 59:8 (1977).
R. Locher, W. Vetter, L.H. Block, Interactions between 8-L-arginine vasopressin and prostaglandin E in human mononuclear phagocytes, J.Clin.Invest 71: 884 (1983).
R.B. Clark, R.W. Butcher, Desensitization of adenylate cyclase in cultured fibroblasts with prostaglandin E and epinephrine, J.Biol.Chem. 254: 9373 (1979).
S. Kassis, P.H. Fishman, Different mechanism of desensitization of adenylate cyclase by isoproterenol and prostaglandin E in human fibroblasts, J.Biol.Chem. 2 57: 5312 (1982).
R.M. Burch, P.V. Malushka, 45Ca fluxes in isolated toad bladder epithelial cells: effects of agents which alter water or sodium transport, J.Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 224: 108 (1983).
S.P. Nadler, S.C. Hebert, B.M. Brenner, Cholera toxin, forskolin, and PGE interactions in isolated perfused rabbit cortical collecting tubules (abstr.) Am.Soc.Nephrol. 17: 233 (A) (1984).
D. Schlondorff, C.P. Carvounis, Jacoby M., J.A. Satriano, and S.D. Levine, Multiple sites for interactions of prostaglandin and vasopressin in toad urinary bladder. Am. J. Physiol. 241: F625 (1981)
L. Somova, S. Zaharieva, M.Ivanova, Humoral factors involved in the regulation of sodium-fluid balance in normal man. Acta Physiol. Pharmacol. Bulg. 10: 29 (1984).
J.R. Anderson, T. Berl, K.M. McDonald, and R.W. Schrier, Evidence for an in vivo antagonism between vasopressin and prostaglandin in the mammalian kidney, J.Clin. Invest. 56: 420 (1975).
T. Berl, A. Raz, H. Wald, J. Horowitz, and W. Czaczkes, Prostaglandin synthesis inhibition and the action of vasopressin: studies in man and rat. Am.J.Physiol. 232: F529 (1977).
H.J. Kramer, A. Backer, S. Hinzen, R. Dusing, Effects of inhibition of prostaglandin-synthesis on renal electrolyte excretion and concentrating ability in healthy man. Prostaglandins Med. 1:341 (1978)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Passavanti, G., Buongiorno, E., De Fino, G., Rutigliano, G., Giannattasio, M., Coratelli, P. (1989). Lithium Induced Polyuria and Polydipsia. In: Amerio, A., Coratelli, P., Campese, V.M., Massry, S.G. (eds) Drugs, Systemic Diseases, and the Kidney. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 252. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8953-8_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8953-8_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-8955-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-8953-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive