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New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry pp 151–177Cite as

Cladistics and the Classification of the Great Apes

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Part of the book series: Advances in Primatology ((AIPR))

Abstract

Nineteenth century epistemologists identified the limits of exact knowledge and the detection of the laws of nature with the “natural system” of classification. In particular, William Whewell (1847), John Stuart Mill (1862), and W. Stanley Jevons (1874) stressed the importance of classification in the discovery of natural groups. Their contemporary, Charles Darwin, also argued that genealogy forms the basis for the natural system of classification of species, as evidenced by his letter (Darwin, 1857) to Thomas Huxley (see epigraph) and the repeated emphasis placed on genealogy in his widely read and influential books On The Origin of Species (Darwin, 1859) and The Descent Of Man (Darwin, 1871).

In regard to classification and all the endless disputes about the “Natural System,” which no two authors define in the same way, I believe it ought, in accordance to my heterodox notions, to be simply genealogical. But as we have no written pedigrees you will, perhaps, say this will not help much; but I think it ultimately will, whenever heterodoxy becomes orthodoxy, for it will clear away an immense amount of rubbish about the value of characters, and will make the difference between analogy and homology clear. The time will come, I believe, though I shall not live to see it, when we shall have very fairly true genealogical trees of each great kingdom of Nature.

(Darwin, 1857, p. 104)

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  1. Museum of Zoology and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA

    A. G. Kluge

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  1. Department of Paleontology (temporary research appointment), University of California, 94720, Berkeley, California, USA

    Russell L. Ciochon

  2. Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, 62901, Carbondale, Illinois, USA

    Robert S. Corruccini

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Kluge, A.G. (1983). Cladistics and the Classification of the Great Apes. In: Ciochon, R.L., Corruccini, R.S. (eds) New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry. Advances in Primatology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8854-8_6

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