Skip to main content

Were There Elephant Hunters at Torralba?

  • Chapter

Abstract

In recent years there has been growing skepticism among some students of the pre-Sapiens sapiens hominids that the earlier romantic views, which pictured early man as a mighty hunter, are an accurate construction of the past. In fact, the trend in much recent work has been to modify this view and to see as unwarranted much of the evidence previously cited in support of the “mighty hunter” view of the past. Some have begun the serious investigation of the distinct possibility that early man was more commonly a scavenger of animal carcasses than a successful predator. This view, while seriously discussed for the pre-Homo erectus hominids, has not been popularly adopted for the investigation of Homo erectus himself. In fact, many theorists consider Homo erectus to be the author of what is referred to as the “hunting way of life” and believe that this shift may in fact stand behind the species’ successful radiation into new environmental zones (Shipman 1984).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Biberson. P. 1964. Torralba et Ambrona. Notes sur deux stations Acheuléenes de chasseurs d’elephants de la Vielle Castille. Diputaciòn Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Prehistoria y Arqueologia, Monografìas 6:201–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biberson. P., and E. Aguirre. 1965. Experiences de taille d’outils préhistoriques dan des os d’elépnant. Quaternaria 7:165–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R. 1981. Bones: Ancient Men and Modern Myths. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R. 1983. Working at Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R. 1984. Faunal Remains from Klasies River Mouth. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R. 1985. Human ancestors: Changing views of their behavior. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 4:292–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R., and S. R. Binford. 1966. A preliminary analysis of functional variability in the Mousterian of Levallois facies. American Anthropologist 68(2):238–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R., and N. M. Stone. 1986. Zhoukoudian: A closer look. Current Anthropology 27(5):453–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bordes, F. 1963. Le Mousterien a denticules. Arheoloski Vestnik. Acta Archaeologica XIII-XIV:43-49. Ljubljana: Slavik Academy of Arts and Sciences.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bordes, F. 1968. The Old Stone Age. World University Library, New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butzer, K. W. 1965. Acheulian occupation sites at Torralba and Ambrona, Spain: Their geology. Science 150:1718–1722.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J. D., and C. V. Haynes. 1970. An elephant butchery site at Mwanganda’s Village, Karonga, Malawi, and its relevance for paleolithic archaeology. World Archaeology 1:390–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Lumley, H. 1975. Cultural evolution in France in its paleoecological setting during the Middle Pleistocene. In: After the Australopithecines ,ed. K. W. Butzer and G. L. Isaac, 745–808. The Hague: Mouton.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, L. G., Jr. 1975a. Acheulian sites and stratigraphy in Iberia and the Mahgreb. In: After the Australopithecines ,ed. K. W. Butzer and G. L. Isaac, 661–743. The Hague: Mouton.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, L. G., Jr. 1975b. By their works you shall know them: Cultural developments in the Paleolithic. In: Hominisation und Verhalten ,ed. Kurth/Eibl-Eibesfeld, 234–251. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, L. G., Jr. 1978. The analysis of some occupation floor distributions from Earlier and Middle Paleolithic sites in Spain. In: Views of the Past: Essays in Old World Prehistory and Paleoanthropology ,ed. L. G. Freeman, Jr., 57–115. The Hague: Mouton.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, L. G., Jr. 1981. The fat of the land: Notes on Paleolithic diet in Iberia. In: Omnivorous Primates: Gathering and Hunting in Human Evolution ,ed. R. S. O. Harding and G. Telecki, 104–165. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, L. G., Jr., and K. W. Butzer. 1966. The Acheulean Station of Torralba (Spain): A Progress Report. Quaternaria 8:9–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, L. G., Jr., and F. C. Howell. 1981. Acheulian occupation at Ambrona (Spain). Paper presented at the forty-sixth annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, San Diego.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, L. G., Jr., and F. C. Howell. 1982. Acheulian hunters on the Spanish Meseta: Torralba and Ambrona reconsidered. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Washington, D. C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frison, G. C., and L. C. Todd. 1986. The Colby Mammoth Site: Taphonomy and Archaeology of a Clovis Kill in Northern Wyoming. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gowlett, J. 1984. Ascent to Civilization: The Archaeology of Early Man. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guichard, J. 1965. Un facies original de L’Acheuleen: Cantalouette (commune de Creysse). L ‘Anthropologie 69:413–4o4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harpending H., and A. Rogers. 1985. Antana: A Package for Multivariate Data Analysis. Ms. available from senior author, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, F. C. 1965. Early Man. New York: Time-Life Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, F. C. 1966. Observations on the Earlier Phases of the European Lower Paleolithic. American Anthropologist 68(2, Part 2):88–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howell, F. C., and L. G. Freeman, Jr. 1982. Ambrona: An early Stone Age site on Spanish Meseta. The L. S. B. Leakey Foundation News 22:11–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell, F. C., K. W. Butzer and E. Aguirre. 1963. Noticia Preliminar Sobre el Emplazamiento Acheulense de Torralba (Soria). Excavaciones Arqueologicas en Espana 10:1–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolly, C. J., and F. Plog. 1976. Physical Anthropology and Archaeology. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, R. G., and K. Allwarden. In press. An overview of the Torralba fauna. In: Torralba: An Acheulian Butchering Site on the Spanish Meseta ,ed. L. G. Freeman, Jr., and F. C. Howell. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, J. E. 1978. The Emergence of Man (third edition). New York: Harper &Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiffer, M. B. 1976. Behavioral Archaeology. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, K. 1980. Two Hunting Episodes of Middle Paleolithic Age at La Cotte de Saint-Brelade, Jersey (Channel Islands). World Archaeology 12(2):137–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shipman, P. 1984. Ancestors: Scavenger Hunt. Natural History 93(4):20–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shipman, P., and J. Rose. 1983. Evidence of butchery and hominid activities at Torralba and Ambrona; An evaluation using microscopic techniques. Journal of Archaeological Science 10:465–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soffer, O. 1985. The Upper Paleolithic of the Central Russian Plain. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Binford, L.R. (1987). Were There Elephant Hunters at Torralba?. In: Nitecki, M.H., Nitecki, D.V. (eds) The Evolution of Human Hunting. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8833-3_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8833-3_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-8835-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-8833-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics