Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

UV-B Reaching the Surface

  • Chapter
The Role of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems

Part of the book series: NATO Conference Series ((MARS,volume 7))

Abstract

New physical inputs are summarized and placed in analytic forms suitable for calculations of the ultraviolet spectral irradiance reaching the ground. These include (a) recent values of the extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance based upon the work of Heath et al.; (b) improved analytic characterizations of ozone attenuation coefficients; (c) an improved equation for the Rayleigh optical depth based upon the work of Frohlich and Shaw; and (d) a detailed characterization of aerosol extinction coefficients for various wavelengths and relative humidities based upon the recent work of Shettle and Fenn. In addition, we refine the ratio method of Green, Cross and Smith for characterizing the diffuse spectral irradiance to provide a better interpolation formula between the numerical output of the models of Dave, Braslau and Halpern. Applications of the work are described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Baker, K., R. C. Smith and A. E. S. Green. 1980. Middle ultraviolet radiation reaching the ocean surface. Photochem. and Photobiol. 32: 367–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bass, A. 1980. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bener, P. 1963. The diurnal and annual variations of the spectral intensity of ultraviolet sky and global radiation on cloudless days at Davos, 1590 m a.s.l. AFCRL, Contract AF 61 (052)-618. Technical Note No. 2, January.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bener, P. 1970. Measured and theoretical values of the spectral intensity of ultraviolet zenith radiation and direct solar radiation at 316, 1580 and 2818 m.a.s.l, AFCRL, Contract F 61052–67-C-0029, July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bener, P. 1970. Solar intensity and intensity and polarization if sky radiation for 347.0, 488.0 and 533.5 nm at selected points along the sun’s vertical and other meridians measured at 2818 m a.s.1., AFCRL, Contract DAJA 37–68-C-1017, August.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braslau, N. and J. V. Dave. 1973. Effect of aerosols on the transfer of solar energy through realistic model atmospheres, Part III: Ground level fluxes in the biologically active bands,.285-.370 microns, IBM Research Report, TC 4308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borkowski, J., A. T. Chai, T. Mo, and A.E.S. Green. 1977. Cloud effects on middle ultraviolet globalradiation. Acta Geophys. Pol. 25 (4): 287–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldwell, M. 1976. Personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dave, J. V. and P. M. Furukawa. 1966. Scattered radiation in the ozone absorption bands at selected levels of a terrestrial Rayleigh atmosphere. Meteor. Monographs. 2. No. 29, 353 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flowers, E. C., R. A. McCormick and K. R. Kurfis. 1969. Atmospheric turbidity over the United States. 1961–1966. J. App. Meteor. 8: 955–962.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frohlich, C. and G. E. Shaw. 1980. New determination of Rayleigh scattering in the terrestrial atmosphere. App. Opt. 19 (11): 1773–1775.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, A.E.S., K. R. Cross and L. A. Smith. 1980. Improved analytic characterization of ultraviolet skylight. Photochem. and Photobiol.: 31 59–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, A.E.S. and T. Mo. 1974. An epidemiological index for skin cancer incidence. Proceedings ofthe 3rd Conference on CIAP, DOT-TSC-OST-74–15, 518–522.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, A.E.S., T. Mo and J. H. Miller. 1974. A study of solar erythema radiation doses. Photochem. and Photobiol. 20: 473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, A.E.S., T. Sawada and E. P. Shettle. 1974. The middle ultraviolet reaching the ground. Photochem. and Photobiol. 12: 351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, A.E.S. and J. D. Spinhirne. 1978. Cloud effects on UV photoclimatology in Proceedings of the Twelfth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, April 20–26, Manila, Philippines.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, A.E.S. and J. D. Martin. 1966. A generalized Chapman function, Chapter 7. In: Green, A.E.S. (ed.) The Middle Ultraviolet - Its Science and Technology, J. Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, D. F., A. I. Krueger, H. A. Roeder and B. D. Henderson. 1975. The solar backscatter ultraviolet and total ozone mapping spectrometer (SBUV/TOMS) for Nimbus G. Opt. Eng. 14: 323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, D. and H. W. Park. 1980. Amer. Geophys. Union Meeting, Toronto, personal communication.

    Google Scholar 

  • Inn, E. C. T. and Y. Tanaka. 1953. Absorption coeffi-

    Google Scholar 

  • cient of ozone in the ultraviolet and visible regions. J. Opt. Soc. Am., 43(10):87O-873.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, F. S., T. Mo and A.E.S. Green. 1976. Average latitudinal variation in ultraviolet radiation at the earth’s surface. Photochem. and Photobiol. 23: 179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klenk, K. F. 1980. Absorption coefficients of ozone for the backscatter experiment. App. Opt. 19: 236.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohl, J. L., W. H. Parkinson and C. A. Zapata. 1980. Solar spectral radiance and irradiance, 225.2 nm to 319.6 nm, Center for Astrophysics, No. 1289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mo, T. and A.E.S. Green. 1974. A climatology of solar erythema dose. Photochem. and Photobiol. 20: 438–496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nack, L. M. and A.E.S. Green. 1974. Influence of clouds, haze, and smog on the middle ultraviolet reaching the ground. App. Opt. 13: 2405.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Penndorf, R. 1957. Tables of the refractive index for standard air and the Rayleigh scattering coefficient for the spectral region between 0.2 and 20.0 µ and their applications to atmospheric optics. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 47: 176–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shettle, E. P. and R. W. Fenn. 1979. Models for the aerosols of the lower atmosphere and the effects of humidity variations on their optical properties, AFGL-TR-79–0214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shettle, E. P. and A.E.S. Green. 1974. Multiple scattering calculation of the middle ultraviolet reaching the ground. App. Opt. 13: (7): 1567–1581.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Shotkin, L. M. and J. F. Thompson, Jr. 1973. Use of an atmospheric model with aerosols to examine solar UV data. J. Atmos. Sci. 30: 1699.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simons, J. W., R. J. Paur, H. A. Webster, III, and E.J. Bair. 1973. Ozone ultraviolet photolysis. VI. The ultraviolet spectrum. J. Chem. Phys., 29: 311–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. C. and K. S. Baker. 1979. Penetration of UV-B and biologically effective dose-rates in natural waters. Photochem. and Photobiol. 29: 311–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. C. and K. S. Baker. Middle ultraviolet irra-diance measurements at the ocean surface (to be published).

    Google Scholar 

  • Spinhirne, J. D. and A.E.S. Green. 1978. Calculation of the relative influence of cloud layers on received ultraviolet and integrated solar radiation. Atmos. Environ. 12: 2449–2445.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vigroux, E. 1953. Contribution â l’étude experimentale de l’absorption de l’ozone. Ann. Phys. 12 (8): 709–762.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vigroux, E. 1967. Determination des coefficients moyens

    Google Scholar 

  • d’absorption de l’ozone en vue des observations concernant l’ozone atmospherique â l’aide du spectrometre Dobson. Ann. Phys. 14(2):209–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voiz, F. 1959. Photometer mit Selen-photoelement zur spektralen Messung der Sonnenstrahlung und zur Bestimmung der Wellenlängenabhängigkeit der Dunsttrübung. Arch. Meterol. Geophys Bioklimatol. 10 (1): 100–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, A. T. 1980. Revised depolarization corrections for atmospheric extinction. Appl. Opt. 19: 3427–3428.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Interdisciplinary Center for Aeronomy and other Atmospheric Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA

    Alex E. S. Green & P. F. Schippnick

Authors
  1. Alex E. S. Green
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. F. Schippnick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Albert B. Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

    John Calkins

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Green, A.E.S., Schippnick, P.F. (1982). UV-B Reaching the Surface. In: Calkins, J. (eds) The Role of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems. NATO Conference Series, vol 7. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8133-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8133-4_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-8135-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-8133-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation