Skip to main content

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSB,volume 193))

Abstract

Conduction in dielectric liquids has been reviewed many times (Lewis, 1959; Sharbaugh and Watson, 1962; Félici, 1971; Gallagher, 1975). Since then, few major improvements of the understanding of conduction mechanisms have been achieved: all the possible mechanisms had been previously put forward. The main contribution of the latest works has been the experimental verification of some of the above models and, more especially, the definition of their domains of validity. There are many reasons for such a slow progress. It is impossible to control the nature and concentration of impurities acting on the electric conduction of very resistive liquids, conductivity remaining more sensitive to impurities than physicochemical techniques. Industry uses liquid insulants only for particular applications; they were essentially mineral oil and chlorobiphenyl liquids which gave full satisfaction, and it needed the prohibition of the PCBs to bring about a new interest in conduction studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Accascina, F., Petrucci, S., and Fuoss, R.M., 1959, The conductance of Bu4 N BPh4, in Acetonitrile-Carbon Tetrachloride mixtures at 25C, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 81:1301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atten, P., and Horeau, R., 1972, Stabilité hydrodynamique des liquides isolants soumis a une injection unipolaire, J. de Mecanique, 11:471.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Atten, P., and Lacroix, J.C., 1979, Non-linear hydrodynamic stability of liquids subjected to unipolar injection, J. de Mecanique, 18:469.

    MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bjerrum, N., 1926, quoted in “The principles of Electrochemistry” D. A. Mac Innes, Dover Publ., New York, 1961, Kgl. Danoke Vidensk. Selskab, 9:7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blossey, D.F., 1974, One-dimensional Onsager theory for carrier injection in metal-insulator systems, Phys. Rev. B., w9:5183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bockris, J. O’M., and Reddy, A.K.N., 1970, in: “Modern Electrochemistry”, Vol. 1 and 2, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briere, G., Cauquis, G., Rose, B., et Serve, D., 1969, Relation entre la conduction electrique des liquides polaires et leurs propriétés electrochimiques, J. Chimie Phys., 66 (1):44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronger, W., Kranz, H.G., and Moller, K., 1981, Electrolytical phenomena in liquid hydrocarbons of thermally high-stressed rectifier transformers, in: “Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids,” Berlin, W. F. Schmidt, éd., I.E.E.E. El. Ins. Soc., n° 81 CH 1594–1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Casanovas, J., Grob, R., Garbay, H., and Crine, J.P., 1985, Transient currents in silicone oils subjected to voltage steps with polarity reversal, I.E.E.E. Trans, on E.I., EI-20:183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charle, K.P., and Willig, F., 1978, Generalized one-dimensional Onsager model for charge carrier injection into insulators, Chem. Phys. Lett., 57 (2):253.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Coetzee, J.F., and Cunningham, G.P., 1965, Evaluation of single ion conductivities in Acetonitrile, Nitrobenzene and Nitromethane using Bu4 N BPh4 as reference electrolyte, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 87 (12):2529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conway, B.E., 1970, Some aspects of the thermodynamic and transport behaviour of electrolytes, in: “Physical Chemistry” Vol. 9A/Electrochemistry, Eyring H., ed., Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creagh, L.T., 1973, Nematic liquid crystal materials for displays, Proc. I.E.E.E., 61:814.

    Google Scholar 

  • Debye, P., 1942, Reaction rates in ionic solutions, Trans. Electrochem. Socl., 82:265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denat, A., Gosse, B., and Gosse, J.P., 1979, Ion injections in hydrocarbons, J. Electrostatics, 7:205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denat, A., Gosse, B., and Gosse, J.P., 1982a, Electrical conduction of solutions of an anionic surfactant in hydrocarbons, J. Electrostatics, 12:197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denat, A., Gosse, B., Gosse, J.P., 1982b, High field DC and AC conductivity of electrolyte solutions in hydrocarbons, J. Electrostatics, 11:179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denat, A., Gosse, J.P., and Gosse, B., 1987, Conduction du cyclohexane très pur en geometrie pointe-plan, Rev. Phys. Appl., 22:1103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eigen, M., 1954, Über die Kinetik sehr schnell verlaufender Ionenreaktionen in wasseriger Losung, Z. Phys. Chem. NF, 1:176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eigen, H., and De Maeyer, L., 1974, Theoretical Basis of Relaxation Spectroscopy, in: “Technique of Organic Chemistry”, 8, 895, Friess, S.L., Levis, E.S., Weissberger, A., eds., Interscience Publ., New, York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felici, N.J., 1971, D.C. conduction in liquid dielectrics, A survey of recent progress, Part I, Direct Current, 2:90, Part II, Direct, Current, 2:147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felici, N., Gosse, B., and Gosse, J.P., 1976, Aspects electrochimiques et electrohydrodynamiques de la conduction des liquides isolants, R.G.E., 85 (11):861.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felici, N., 1983, Conduction des liquides dielectriques sous haute tension et regime de la double couche aux electrodes, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sc. Paris, 296 (II):523.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franck, H.S., 1966, Solvent models and the interpretation of ionization and solvation phenomena, in: “Chemical Physics of Ionic Solutions,” B.E. Conway and R.G. BarraSas, ed., J. Wiley & sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuoss, R.M., 1959, Dependence of the Walden product on dielectric constant, Proc. N.A.S., 45:807.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fuoss, R.M., and Hirsch, E., 1960, Single ion conductances in non aqueous solvents, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 82:1013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, T.J., 1975, “Simple Dielectric Liquids,” Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Honda, T., Evereart, J., and Persoons, A., 1979, Dependence of the field dissociation effect on electric field strength, in: “Non-linear behaviour of Molecules, Atoms and Ions in Electric, Magnetic or Electromagnetic Fields,” L. Neel, ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopfinger, E.J., and Gosse, J.P., 1971, Charge transport by self-generated turbulence in insulating liquids submitted to unipolar injection, Phys. Fluids, 14:1671.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbard, J., and Onsager, L., 1977, Dielectric dispersion and dielectric friction in electrolyte solutions. I, J. Chem. Phys., 67:4850.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Janz, G.J., and Tomkins, R.P.T., 1972, in: “Non aqueous Electrolyte Handbook,” Vol. 1, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacroix, J.C., Atten, P., and Hopfinger, E.J., 1975, Electro-convection in a dielectric liquid layer subjected to unipolar injection, Phys. Fluid Mech., 69:539.

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Langevin, M.P., 1903, Recombinaison et mobilites des ions dans les gaz, Ann. Chim. et Phys., 28:433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, T.J., 1959, The electric strength and high-field conductivity of dielectric liquids, in: “Progress in Dielectrics 1,” J.B. Birks, ed., Heywood & Co, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nemamcha, M., Gosse, J.P., Denat, A., and Gosse, B., 1987, Temperature dependence of ion injection by metallic electrodes into non-polar dielectric liquids, I.E.E.E. Trans. on EI, EI-22:459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novotny, V., and Hopper, M.A., 1979, Transient conduction of weakly dissociating species in dielectric fluids, J. Electrochem. Soc., 126:925.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Onsager, L., 1934, Deviations from Ohm’s law in weak electrolytes, J. Chem. Phys., 2:599.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Parkman, N., 1978, Some properties of solid-liquid composite dielectric systems, I.E.E.E. Trans EI, EI-13:289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Persoons, A., 1974, Field dissociation effect and chemical relaxation in electrolyte solutions of low polarity, J. Phys. Chem., 78:1210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Randriamalala, Z., Denat, A., Gosse, J.P., Gosse, B., 1985, Field-enhanced dissociation, the validty of Onsager’s theory in surfactant solutions, I.E.E.E. Trans. EI, EI-20, 167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, R.A., and Stokes, R.H., 1959, in: “Electrolyte solutions”, Butterworths, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, W.F., 1984, Electronic conduction processes in dielectric liquids, I.E.E.E. Trans. EI, EI-13:389.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, J.M., and Watson, P.K., 1970, Electrohydrodynamic stability of space-charge limited currents in dielectric liquids, Phys. Fluids, 19:1948.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharbaugh, A.H., and Watson, P.K., 1962, Conduction and breakdown in liquid dielectrics, in: “Progress in Dielectrics 4,” J.B. Birks, ed., Heywood & Co, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasufuku, S., Umemura, T., and Tanii, T., 1979, Electric conduction phenomena and carrier mobility behavior in dielectric fluids, I.E.E.E. Trans. Electr. Insul., EI-14:28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zahn, H., Ohki, Y., Rhoads, K., Lagasse, H., and Matsuzawa, H., 1985, Electrooptic charge injection and transport measurements in highly purified water and water/ethylene glycol mixtures, I.E.E.E. Trans, on EI, EI-20:199.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zwanzig, R., 1963, Dielectric friction on a moving ion, J. Chem Phys., 38:1603.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gosse, J.P. (1988). Electric Conduction in Dielectric Liquids. In: Kunhardt, E.E., Christophorou, L.G., Luessen, L.H. (eds) The Liquid State and Its Electrical Properties. NATO ASI Series, vol 193. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8023-8_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8023-8_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-8025-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-8023-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics