Abstract
The superconducting inorganic cuprates are unusually complex solids. They are non-stoichiometric with certain atom types being delocalized over different crystallographic sites. In particular the bismuth-based solids are structurally modulated, i.e. they do not have the regular three-dimensional periodicity characterisitic for most crystalline solids. Furthermore subtle, not fully understood phase transitions on cooling are evident in the diffraction patterns. The superconducting properties are sensitive to doping with other elements, which may occupy various sites in the crystals.
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Coppens, P., Gao, Y., Lee, P., Graafsma, H., Ye, J., Bush, P. (1990). Structural Complications in Superconducting Solids: Chemical Disorder, Structural Modulation, and Low Temperature Phase Transitions in the Bi-Sr-Ca Cuprates. In: Kwok, H.S., Kao, YH., Shaw, D.T. (eds) Superconductivity and Applications. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7565-4_26
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