Abstract
The disastrous clinical effects of chronic exposure to alcohol are well known, and disease involving many organs of the body including the brain, the heart, the pancreas, the liver, the muscles, and the peripheral nervous systems are well documented (1–4). However, the mechanism of destructive action on these various tissues are not as clearly understood.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
The Biology of Alcoholism, Kissin and Begleiter (eds.), Vol. 1, Plenum Press, New York - London, 1971.
Lieber, C.S.: Liver adaptation and injury in alcoholism. N. Engl. J. Med. 288: 356–362, 1973.
Evans, W.: Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Am. Heart J. 61: 556567, 1961.
Brigden, W., Robinson, J.: Alcoholic heart disease. Br. Med. J. 2: 1283–1289, 1964.
Rubin, E. and Lieber, C.S.: Alcohol-induced hepatic injury in non-alcoholic volunteers. N. Engl. J. Med. 16: 869–876, 1968.
Dobbins, 111, W.O., Rollins, E.L., Brooks, S.G. and Fallon, H.J.: A quantitative morphological analysis of ethanol effect upon rat liver. Gastroenterology 62: 1020–1033, 1972.
Hoensch, H.: The effects of alcohol on the liver. Digestion 6: 114–123, 1972.
Schreiber, S.S., Oratz, M. Evans, C., Reff, F., Klein, I., and Rothschild, M.A.: Cardiac protein degradation in acute overload in vitro. Reutilization of amino acids. Am. J. Physioi., 224: 338–345, 1973.
Schreiber, S.S., Oratz, M. and Rothschild, M.A.: Protein synthesis in the overloaded mammalian heart. Am. J. Physiol., 211: 314–318, 1966.
Waterlow, J.C. and Stephen, J.M.: The effect of low protein diets on the turnover rates of serum, liver and muscle proteins in the rat measured by continuous infusion of L-C14 lysine. Clin. Sci., 35: 287–305, 1968.
Morgan, H.E., Earl, D.C., Broadus, A., Wolpert, E.B., Giger, K.E. and Jefferson, L.S.: Regulation of protein synthesis in heart muscle. Effect of amino acid levels on protein synthesis. J. Biol. Chem., 246: 2152–2162, 1971.
Keyes, A. Henschel, A. and Taylor, H.L.: The size and function of the human heart at rest in semi-starvation and subsequent rehabilitation. Am. J. Physiol., 150: 153–169, 1947.
Millward, D.J.: Protein turnover in skeletal muscle II. The effect of starvation and protein free diet on synthesis and metabolism of skeletal muscle proteins. Clin. Sci., 39: 591–610, 1970.
Swanepoel, A., Smythe, P.M. and Campbell, J.A.: The heart in kwashiorkor. Am. Heart J., 67: 1–3, 1964.
Nettleton, J. and Hegsted, D.M.: Effect of protein and calories on tissue protein catabolism. Fed. Proc., Abs., 32: 922, 1973.
Regan, T.J., Koroxenidis, C., Moschos, C., Oldewurte, H., Lehan, P. and Hellems, H.: The acute metabolic and hemodynamic responses of the left ventricle to ethanol. J. Clin. Invest., 45: 270–280, 1966.
Regan, T.J., Levinson, G.E., Oldewurtel, H., Frank, M., Weiss, A. and Moschos, C.: Ventricular function in non-cardiacs with alcoholic fatty liver: rote of ethanol in the production of cardiomyopathy. J. Clin. Invest., 48: 397–407, 1969.
Webb, W.R. and Degerli, I.L.: Ethyl alcohol and the cardiovascular system. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 191: 77–80, 1965.
Riff, D.P., Jain, A.C. and Doyle, J.T.: Acute hemodynamic effects of ethanol on normal human volunteers. Am. Heart J., 78: 592–597, 1969.
Mitchell, J.H. and Cohen, L.S.: Alcohol and the heart. Mod. Concepts Cardiovasc. Dis., 39: 109–111, 1970.
Pachinger, 0.M., Tillmans, H., Mao, J.C., Fauvil, J. and Bing, R.J.: Effect of prolonged administration of ethanol on cardiac metabolism and performance in the dog. J. Clin. Invest., 52: 2690–2696, 1973.
Gailis, L. and Verdy, M.: The effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde on the metabolism and vascular resistance of the per-fused heart. Can. J. Biochem., 49: 227–238, 1970.
Lochner, A., Cowley, R. and Brink, A.J.: Effect of ethanol on metabolism and function of perfused rat heart. Am. Heart J., 78: 770–780, 1969.
Lieber, C.S., Spritz, N. and DeCarli, L.M.: Accumulation of
triglycerides in heart and kidney after alcohol ingestion. J. Clin. Invest.,Abs., 45: 1041, 1966.
James, T.N. and Bear, E.S.: Effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on the heart. Am. Heart J., 74: 243–245, 1967.
Schreiber, S.S., Briden, K., Oratz, M. and Rothschild, M.A.: Ethanol, acetaldehyde and myocardial Protein synthesis. J. Clin. Invest., 51: 2820–2826, 1972.
Rothschild, M.A., Oratz, M., Mongelli, J. and Schreiber, S.S.: Alcohol-induced depression of albumin synthesis: reversal by tryptophan. J. Clin. Invest., 50: 1812–1818, 1971.
Schreiber, S.S., Oratz, M., Rothschild, M.A., Reff, F. and Evans, C.: Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy II: the inhibition of cardiac microsomal protein synthesis by acetaldehyde. J. Mol. and Cell. Cardiol., Vol. 6, In press, 1974.
Majchrowicz, E. and Mendelson, J.: Blood concentration of acetaldehyde and ethanol in chronic alcoholics. Science, 168: 1100–1102, 1970.
Blobel, G. and Potter Van R.: Studies on free and membrane-bound ribosomes in rat liver. J. Mol. Biol., 26: 279–292, 1967.
Loeb, J.N., Howell, R.R. and Tomkins, G.M.: Free and membrane-bound ribosomes in rat liver. J. Biol. Chem., 242: 2069 2074, 1967.
Rosbash, M. and Penman, S.: Membrane-associated protein synthesis of mammalian cells. J. Mot. Biol., 59: 227–241, 1974.
Jones, P.A., Scott, T. and Hawtrey, A.O.: Possible mechanisms for differentiating between proteins destined for internal use and export in mammalian cells. S. Afr. J. Med. Sci., 35: 81–84, 1970.
Peters, T. Jr., Fleischer, B. and Fleischer, S.: The biosynthesis of rat serum albumin. J. Biol. Chem., 246: 240–244, 1971.
Munro, H.N.: A general survey of mechanism regulating protein metabolism in mammals. In: Mammalian Protein Metabolism. H.N. Munro, (ed), Vol. 4, Academic Press, New York, pp. 3–130, 1970.
Munro, A.J., Jackson, R.J. and Korner, A.: Studies on the nature of polysomes. Biochem. J., 92: 289–299, 1964.
Blobel, G. and Sabatini, D.D.: Controlled proteolysis of nascent polypeptides in rat liver cell fractions. 1. Location of the polypeptides within ribosomes. J. Cell. Biol., 45: 130–157, 1970.
Sabatini, D.D., Tashiro, Y. and Palade, G.E.: On the attachment of ribosomes to microsomal membranes. J. Mol. BioZ., 19: 503–524, 1966.
Falvey, A.K. and Staeholin, T.: Structure and function of mammalian ribosomes. 1. Isolation and characterization of active liver ribosomal subunits. J. Biol., 53: 1–19, 1970. II. Exchange of ribosomal subunits at various stages of in vitro polypeptide synthesis. J. Biol., 53: 21–34, 1970.
Redman, C.M.: Biosynthesis of serum Proteins and ferritin by free and attached ribosomes of rat liver. J. Biol. Chem., 244: 4308–4315, 1969.
Murty, C.N. and Sidransky, H.: Studies on the turnover of mRNA in free and membrane-bound poly-ribosomes in rat liver. Biochem. Biophy. Acta, 281: 69–78, 1972.
Hicks, S.J., Drysdale, J.W. and Munro, M.N.: Preferential synthesis of ferritin and albumin by different populations of liver polysomes. Science, 164: 584–585, 1969.
Smallwood, R.A., Jones, E.A., Craigie, A., Raia, S. and Rosenoer, V.M.: The delivery of newly synthesized albumin and fibrinogen to the plasma in dogs. Clin. Sci., 35: 3543, 1968.
Woolley, G. and Courtice, F.C.: The origin of albumin in hepatic lymph. Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci., 40: 121–128, 1962.
Clifford, A.J., Riumallo, J.A., Baglia, B.S., Munro, H.N. and Brown, P.R.: Liver nucleotide metabolism in relation to amino acid supply. Biochem. Biophy. Acta, 277: 443–458, 1972.
Munro, H.N., Waddington, S. and Begg, D.J.: Effect of protein intake on ribonucleic acid metabolism in liver cell nuclei of the rat. J. Nutr., 85: 319–328, 1965.
Enwonwu, C.O. and Munro, H.N.: Rate of RNA turnover in rat liver in relation to intake of protein. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 138: 532–539, 1970.
Wilson, S.H., Hill, H.Z. and Hoagland, M.B.: Physiology of rat liver polysomes: protein synthesis by stable polysomes. Biochem. J., 103: 567–572, 1967.
Rothschild, M.A., Oratz, M., Mongelli, J. and Schreiber, S.S.: Effects of a short-term fast on albumin synthesis studied in vivo, in the perfused liver, and on amino acid incorporation by hepatic microsomes. J. Clin. Invest., 47: 2591 2599, 1968.
Staehelin, T., Verney, E. and Sidransky, H.: The influence of nutritional change on polyribosomes of the liver. Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 145: 105–119, 1967.
Baliga, B.S., Pronczuk, A.W. and Munro, H.N.: Regulation of polysome aggregation in a cell-free system through amino acid supply. J. Mol. BioZ., 34: 199–218, 1968.
Sidransky, H., Sarma, D.S.R., Bongiorno, M. and Verney, E.: Effect of dietary tryptophan on hepatic polyribosomes and protein synthesis in fasted mice. J. Biol. Chem., 243: 1123–1132, 1968.
Wannemacher, R.W., Jr., Cooper, W.K. and Yatvin, M.B.: The regulation of protein synthesis in the liver of rats: mechanisms of dietary amino acid control in the immature animal. Biochem. J., 107: 615–623, 1968.
Rothschild, M.A., Oratz, M. and Schreiber, S.S.: Albumin synthesis. N.E. J. Med., 286: 748–757, 816–821, 1972.
Rothschild, M.A., Bauman, A., Yalow, R.S. and Berson, S.A.: The effect of large doses of desiccated thyroid on the distribution and metabolism of albumin-1131 in euthyroid subjects. J. Clin. Invest., 36: 422–428, 1957.
Lewallen, C.G., Rall, J.E. and Berman, M.: Studies of iodoalbumin metabolism. 11. The effects of thyroid hormone. J. Clin. Invest., 38: 88–101, 1959.
Rothschild, M.A., Schreiber, S.S., Oratz, M. and McGee, H.L.: The effects of adrenocortical hormones on albumin metabolism studied with albumin-1131. Clin. Invest., 37: 1229–1235, 1958.
Sterling, K.: The effect of Cushing’s syndrome upon serum albumin metabolism. J. Clin. Invest., 39: 1900–1908, 1960.
Oratz, M.: Oncotic pressure and albumin synthesis. In: Plasma Protein Metabolism. M.A. Rothschild and T.A. Waldmann (eds.), Academic Press, New York, pn. 223–238, 1970.
Oratz, M., Walker, C., Schreiber, S.S. and Rothschild, M.A.:Albumin and fibrinogen metabolism in heat-and cold-stressed rabbits. Am. J. Physiol., 213: 1341–1349, 1967.
Rothschild, M.A., Oratz, M. and Schreiber, S.S.: Albumin metabolism. Am. J. Dig. Diseases, 14: 711–744, 1969.
Oratz, M. and Rothschild, M.A.: The influence of alcohol and altered nutrition on albumin synthesis. In: Alcohol and Abnormal Protein Synthesis Biochemical and Clinical. M.A. Rothschild, M. Oratz and S.S. Schreiber (eds.), Pergamon Press, New York, In Press, 1974.
Post, J. and Patek, A.J., Jr.: Serum proteins in cirrhosis of the liver. Arch. Int. Med., 69: 67–82; 83–89, 1942.
Rothschild, M.A., Oratz, M. and Schreiber, S.S.: Changing concepts of albumin metabolism and distribution in cirrhosis of the liver. Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 5: (Suppl. 7), 17–23, 1970.
Rothschild, M.A., Oratz, M., Zimmon, D., Schreiber, S.S., Weiner, I. and VanCaneghem, A.: Albumin synthesis in cirrhotic subjects with ascites studied with carbonate-C14. J. Clin. Invest., 48: 344–350, 1969.
Cain, G.D., Mayer, G. and Jones, E.A.: Augmentation of albumin but not fibrinogen synthesis by corticosteroids in patients with hepatocellular disease. J. Clin. Invest., 49: 2198 2204, 1970.
Rothschild, M.A., Oratz, M., Mongelli, J., Fishman, L. and Schreiber, S.S.: Amino acid regulation of albumin synthesis. J. Nutr., 98: 395–403, 1969.
Oratz, M., Schreiber, S.S. and Rothschild, M.A.: Study of albumin synthesis in relation to urea synthesis. Gastroenterology, 65: 647–650, 1973.
Jeejeebhoy, K.N., Phillips, M.J., Bruce-Robertson, A., Ho, J. and Sodke, U.: The acute effect of ethanol on albumin, fibrinogen and transferrin synthesis in the rat. Biochem. J., 126: 1111–1126, 1972.
Rothschild, M.A., Oratz, M. and Schreiber, S.S.: Effects of carbon tetrachloride on albumin synthesis. 51: 2310–2314, 1972.
Maden, B.E.H.: Effects of lysine or valine starvation on rib-osome subunit balance in HeLa cells. Nature (Lond), 224: 1203–1205, 19 69.
McLean, A.E.M.: The effect of diet and vitamin E on liver injury due to carbon tetrachloride. Br. J. Exp. Pathol., 48: 632–636, 1967.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1975 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rothschild, M.A., Schreiber, S.S., Oratz, M. (1975). Effects of Ethanol on Protein Synthesis. In: Majchrowicz, E. (eds) Biochemical Pharmacology of Ethanol. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 56. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7529-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7529-6_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-7531-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-7529-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive