Abstract
Circulating concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) increase dramatically following both bilateral oophorectomy and the menopause. Thus, by definition, young women with hypergonadotropic amenorrhea should have premature ovarian failure (POF). This belief was based on the findings of Goldenberg et al. (1), who reported that without exception, individuals with FSH levels of greater than 40 mIU/mL 2nd IRP-hMG (International Reference Preparation-human menopausal gonadotropins) had no viable follicles on ovarian biopsy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Goldenberg RL, Grodin JM, Rodbard D, Ross GT.: Gonadotropins in women with amenorrhea. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973; 116: 1003–12.
Rebar RW, Erickson GF, Coulam CB.: Premature ovarian failure. In: Gondos B, Riddick D, eds. Pathology of infertility. New York: Thieme-Stratton, 1987: 123–42.
O’Herlihy C, Pepperell RJ, Evans JH.: The significance of FSH elevation in young women with disorders of ovulation. Br Med J 1980; 281: 1447–50.
Rebar RW, Erickson GF:, Yen SSC. Idiopathic premature ovarian failure: clinical and endocrine characteristics. Fertil Steril 1982; 37: 35–41.
Aiman J, Smentek C.: Premature ovarian failure. Obstet Gynecol 1985; 66: 9–14.
Hague WM, Tan SL, Adams J, Jacobs HS.: Hypergonadotropic amenorrheaetiology and outcome in 93 young women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1987; 25: 121–5.
Rebar RW, Connolly HV.: Clinical features of young women with hypergonadotropic amenorrhea. Fertil Steril 1990; 53: 804–10.
Mattison DR, Evans MI, Schwimmer WB, White BJ, Jensen B, Schulman JD.: Familial premature ovarian failure. Am J Hum Genet 1984; 36: 1341–8.
Starup J, Philip J, Sele V.: Oestrogen treatment and subsequent pregnancy in two patients with severe hypergonadotrophic ovarian failure. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1978; 89: 149–57.
Coulam CB, Stringfellow S, Hoefnagel D.: Evidence for a genetic factor in the etiology of premature ovarian failure. Fertil Steril 1983; 40: 693–5.
Singh RP, Carr DH.: The anatomy and histology of XO human embryos and fetuses. Anat Rec 1966; 155: 369–81.
Kinch RAH, Plunkett ER, Smout MS, Carr DH.: Primary ovarian failure: a clinicopathological and cytogenetic study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1965; 91: 63044.
Krauss CM, Turksoy RN, Atkins L, McLaughlin C, Brown LG, Page DC.: Familial premature ovarian failure due to an interstitial deletion of the long arm of the X chromosome. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 125–31.
Villanueva AL, Rebar RW.: The triple X syndrome and premature ovarian failure. Obstet Gynecol 1983; 62: 70S - 4S.
Day RW, Larson W, Wright SW.: Clinical and cytogenetic studies on a group of females with XXX sex chromosome complements. J Pediatr 1964; 64: 24–33.
Gordon DL, Paulsen CA.: Premature menopause in XO/XX/XXX/XXXX mosaicism. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1967; 97: 85–90.
Harper PS, Dyken PR.: Early onset dystrophia myotonica. Lancet 1972; 2: 53–5.
Biglieri EG, Herron MA, Brust N.: 17-hydroxylase deficiency in man. J Clin Invest 1966; 45: 1946–54.
Goldsmith O, Solomon DH, Horton R.: Hypogonadism and mineralocorticoid excess. The 17-hydroxylase deficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 1967; 277: 673–7.
Mallin SR.: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia secondary to 17-hydroxylase deficiency. Two sisters with amenorrhea, hypokalemia, hypertension, and cystic ovaries. Ann Int Med 1969; 70: 69–75.
Hoefnagel D, Wurser-Hili D, Child EL.: Ovarian failure in galactosaemia. Lancet 1979; 2: 1197.
Kaufman F, Kogut MD, Donnell GN:, Ovarian failure in galactosaemia. Lancet 1979; 11: 737–8.
Chen Y-T, Mattison DR, Feigenbaum L, Fukui H, Schulman JD.: Reduction in oocyte number following prenatal exposure to a diet high in galactose. Science 1981; 214: 1145–7.
Verp MS.: Environmental causes of ovarian failure. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1983; 1: 101–11.
Morrison JC, Givens JR, Wiser WL, Fish SA.: Mumps oophoritis: a cause of premature menopause. Fertil Steril 1975; 26: 655–9.
Jick H, Porter J, Morrison AS.: Relation between smoking and age of natural menopause. Lancet 1977; 1: 1354–5.
LaBarbera AR, Miller MM, Ober C, Rebar RW.: Autoimmune etiology in premature ovarian failure. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 1988; 16: 115–22.
Irvine WJ, Chan MMW, Scarth L:, Immunological aspects of premature ovarian failure associated with idiopathic Addison’s disease. Lancet 1968; 2: 883–7.
Vazquez AM, Kenny FM.: Ovarian failure and antiovarian antibodies in association with hypoparathyroidism, moniliasis, and Addison’s and Hashimoto’s diseases. Obstet Gynecol 1973; 41: 414–8.
De Moraes-Ruehsen M, Blizzard RM, Garcia-Bunuel R, Jones GS.: Autoimmunity and ovarian failure. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972; 112: 693–703.
Coulam CB, Ryan RJ.: Premature menopause, I. Etiology. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 133: 639–43.
McNatty KP, Short RV, Barnes EW, Irvine WJ.: The cytotoxic effect of serum from patients with Addison’s disease and autoimmune ovarian failure on human granulosa cells in culture. Clin Exp Immunol 1975; 22: 378–84.
Chiauzzi V, Cigorraga S, Escobar ME, Rivarola MA, Charreau EH.: Inhibition of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor binding by circulating immunoglobulins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982; 54: 1221–8.
Lucky AW, Rebar RW, Blizzard RM, Goren EM.: Pubertal progression in the presence of elevated serum gonadotropins in girls with multiple endocrine deficiencies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977; 45: 673–8.
Bateman BG, Nunley WC, Kitchin JD:, III. Reversal of apparent premature ovarian failure in a patient with myasthenia gravis. Fertil Steril 1983; 39: 108–10.
Coulam CB, Kempers RD, Randall RV.: Premature ovarian failure: evidence for the autoimmune mechanism. Fenil Steril 1981; 36: 238–40.
Miller ME, Chatten J.: Ovarian changes in ataxia telangiectasia. Acta Paediatr Scand 1967; 56: 559–61.
Healy DL, Bacher J, Hodgen GD. Thymic regulation of primate fetal ovarian-adrenal differentiation. Biol Reprod 1985; 32: 1127–33.
Volpé R.: Autoimmune thyroid disease. In: Volpé R, ed. Autoimmunity and endocrine disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1985: 109–285.
Hill JA, Welch WR, Fans HM, Anderson DJ.: Induction of class II major histocompatibility complex antigen expression in human granulosa cells by interferon gamma: a potential mechanism contributing to autoimmune ovarian failure. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 534–40.
Kim JG, Anderson BE, Rebar RW, LaBarbera AR.: Determination by ELISA of antiovarian antibodies in premature ovarian failure [Abstract]. Proc 45th annu meet Am Fertil Soc, 1989.
Laemmli UK.: Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage 14. Nature 1970; 227: 680–5.
Towbin HO, Staehnlin T, Gordon T.: Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979; 76: 4350–4.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rebar, R.W., Carter, J.M., Kim, J.G., Sites, C.K., Song, D.Y., LaBarbera, A.R. (1992). Hypergonadotropic Forms of Amenorrhea. In: Hunzicker-Dunn, M., Schwartz, N.B. (eds) Follicle Stimulating Hormone. Serono Symposia USA. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7103-8_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7103-8_24
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-7105-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-7103-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive