Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, also known as dioxin; TCDBD; TCDD; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-1,4-dioxin; and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, has no commercial uses (USEPA 1985a). Its structure and properties are shown in Table 1.
Based on USEPA (1985a), except for Section I which is based on USEPA (1984a)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams WJ, Blaine KM (1985) A water solubility of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO. Dioxin ‘85 5th international symposium on chlorinated dioxins and related compounds, held in Bayreuth, West Germany, September 16–19, 1985.
Allen JR, Van Miller JP, Norback DH (1975) Tissue distribution, excretion, and biological effects of (14-C) tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats. Food Cosmet Toxicol 13 (5): 501–505.
Althaus FR, Lawrence SD, Sattler GL, Longfellow DG, Pitot HC (1982) Chemical quantification of unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultured hepatocytes as an assay for the rapid screening of potential chemical carcinogens. Cancer Res 42: 3010–3015.
Bollen WB, Norris LA (1979) Influence of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on respiration in a forest floor and soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 22: 648–652.
Bronzetti G, Zeiger E, Lee I, Suzuki K, Mailing HV (1983) Mutagenicity study of TCDD and ashes from urban incinerator in vitro and in vivo using yeast D7 strain. Chemosphere 12: 549–553.
Chemical Engineering and News (1977) Method rids Agent Orange of TCDD contamination. CEN 55 (11): 25.
DeCaprio AP, McMartin DN, O’Keefe PW, Rej R, Silkworth JB, Kaminsky LS (1986) Subchronic oral toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the guinea pig. Comparisons with a PCB-containing transformer fluid pyrolysate. Fund Appl Toxicol 6: 454–463.
Diamond Shamrock’ (1985) Letter to USEPA Office of Drinking Water (ODW), with comments on 2,3,7,8-TCDD Health Advisory document USEPA Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.
Fowler BA, Lucier GW, Brown HW, McDaniel OS (1973) Ultrastructural changes in rat liver cells following a single oral dose of TCDD Environ Hlth Perspect 5: 141–148.
Fries GF, Marrow GS (1975) Retention and excretion of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin by rats. J Agric Food Chem 23 (2): 265–269.
Gasiewicz TA, Neal RA (1979) 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin tissue distribution, excretion, and effects on clinical chemical parameters in guinea pigs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 51(2): 329–340
Gasiewicz TA, Olson JR, Geiger LE, Neal RA (1983a) Absorption, distribution and metabolism of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in experimental animals. In: Tucker RE, Young AL, Gray AP (eds) Human and environmental nsks of chlorinated dioxins and related compounds. Plenum Press, NY, pp 495–525.
Gasiewicz TA, Geiger LE, Rucci G, Neal RA (1983b) Distribution, excretion and metabolism of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in C57B1/6J, DBA/2J, and B6D2F1 /J mice. Drug Metab Dispos 11 (5): 397–403.
Geiger LE, Neal RA (1981) Mutagenicity testing of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin in histidine auxotrophs of Salmonella typhtmurium. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 59 (1) 125–129.
Gilbert P, Samt-Ruf G, Poncelet F, Mercier M (1980) Genetic effects of chlorinated anilines and azobenzenes on Salmonella typhimurium. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 9 (5): 533–541.
Goldstein JA, Linko P, Bergman H (1982) Induction of porphyria in the rat by chronic versus acute exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Biochem Pharmacol 31 (8): 1607–1613.
Green S, Moreland FS (1975) Cytogenetic evaluation of several dioxins in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 33: 161.
Gupta BN, Vos JG, Moore JA, Zinkl JG, Bullock BC (1973) Pathologic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in laboratory animals. Environ Hlth Perspect 5: 125–140.
Hay A (1983) The mutagenic properties of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Abstracts of American Chemical Society National Meeting 23 (2): 14.
Henck JW, New MA, Kociba RJ, Rao KS (1981) 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodtbenzo-p-dioxin acute oral toxicity in hamsters. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 59: 405–407.
Hussain S, Ehrenberg L, Lofroth G, Gejvall T (1972) Mutagenic effects of TCDD on bacterial systems. Ambio 1: 32–33.
IARC (1982) International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Chemical industrial processes and industries associated with cancer in humans. Supplement 4, pp 238–243. IARC, Lyon, France.
Jones G, Butler WH (1974) A morphological study of the liver lesion induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats. J Pathol 112: 93–97.
King ME, Roesler AR (1974) Subacute intubation study on rats with the compound 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodioxin. NTIS PB 257 677, p 27. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.
Kociba RJ, Keeler PA, Park CN, Gehring PJ (1976) 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin results of a 13-week oral toxicity study in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 35: 553–574.
Kociba RJ, Keyes DG, Beyer JE, Carreon RM, Wade CE, Dittenber DA, Kalnins RP, Frauson LE, Park CN, Barnad SD, Hummel RA, Humiston CG (1978a) Results of a two-year chronic toxicity and oncogenicity study of 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 46 (2): 279–303.
Kociba RJ, Keyes DG, Beyer JE, Carreon RM (1978b) Toxicologic studies of 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ( TCDD) in rats. Toxicol Occup Med 4: 281–287
Kociba RJ, Keyes DG, Beyer JE, Carreon RM, Gehring PJ (1979) Long-term toxicologic studies of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ( TCDD) in laboratory animals. Ann NY Acad Sci 320: 397–404.
Kondorosi A, Fedorcsak I, Solymosy F, Ehrenberg L, Osterman-Golkar S (1973) Inactivation of QBRNA by electrophiles. Mutat Res 17: 149–161.
Loprieno N, Skrana I, Rusciano D, Lascialfari D, Lari T (1982) In vivo cytogenetic studies on mice and rats exposed to tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Book 5. Chlorinated dioxins and related compounds, impact on the environment, pp 419–428.
Manara L, Coccia P, Croci T (1982) Persistent tissue levels of TCDD in the mouse and their reduction as related to prevention of toxicity Drug Metab Rev 13 (3): 423–446.
McCann J (1978) Unpublished study (cited in Wassom et al. 1978)
McNulty WP, Nielsen-Smith KA, Lay JO Jr, Lippstrew DL, Kangas NL, Lyon PA, Gross ML (1982) Persistence of TCDD in monkey adipose tissue. Food Cosmet Toxicol 20: 985–987.
Moore JA, Harris MW, Albro PW (1976) Tissue distribution of (“C) tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in pregnant and neonatal rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 37 (1): 146–147.
Murray FJ, Smith FA, Nitschke KD, Humiston CG, Kociba RJ, Schwetz BA (1979) Three-generation reproduction study of rats given 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin ( TCDD) in the diet. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 50: 241–251.
NAS (1977) National Academy of Sciences. Drinking water and health: part II. NAS, Washington, DC, pp 500–513.
Nau H, Bass R (1981) Transfer of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to the mouse embryo and fetus. Toxicology 20 (4): 299–308.
Nau H, Bass R, Neubert D (1982) Transfer of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to the mouse embryo, fetus, and neonate. In: Huntzinger O, Frei RW, Merian E, Pocchiari F (eds) Chlorinated dioxins and related compounds. Impact on the environment. Pergamon Press, NY, pp 325–337.
Neal RA, Olson JR, Gasiewicz TA, Geiger LE (1982) The toxicokinetics of 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in mammalian systems. Drug Metab Rev 13: 355–385.
Nebert D, Thorgiersson S, Felton J (1976) Genetic differences in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and drug toxicity. In: de Serros F, Folets J, Bend J, Philpot R (eds) In vitro metabolic activation in mutagenesis testing. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, pp 105–124.
Nisbet ICT, Paxton MB (1982) Statistical aspects of three-generation studies of the reproductive toxicity of TCDD and 2,4,5-T. Am Stat Vol 36 (3): 290–298.
Nolan RJ, Smith FA, Hefner JG (1979) Elimination and tissue distribution of 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in female guinea pigs following a single oral dose. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 48 (1): A 162.
NRCC (1981) National Research Council of Canada. Polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins: criteria for their effects on man and his environment. NRCC/CNRC Associate Committee on Scientific Criteria for Environmental Quality, Ottawa, Canada. Publication no. NRCC 18574, ISSN 0316–0114. 251 pp.
NTP (1980) National Toxicology Program. Bioassay of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin for possible carcinogenicity (gavage study). Carcinogenesis Testing Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; NTP, Research Triangle Park, NC. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Publication no. 82–1765.
Olson JR, Bittner WE (1983) Comparative metabolism and elimination of 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ( TCDD ). Toxicologist 3: 103.
Olson JR, Gasiewicz TA, Neal RA (1980a) Tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ( TCDD) in the golden syrian hamster. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 56: 78–85.
Olson JR, Holscher MA, Neal RA (1980b) Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the golden synan hamster. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 55: 67–78.
Olson JR, Gasiewicz TA, Geiger LE, Neal RA (1983) The metabolism of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in mammalian systems. In: Coulston R, Pocchian F (eds) Accidental exposure to dioxins: human health aspects. Academic Press, NY, pp 81–100.
Piper WN, Rose RQ, Gehring PJ (1973) Excretion and tissue distribution of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in the rat. Environ Hlth Perspect 5: 241–244.
Poiger H, Schlatter C (1979) Biological degradation of TCDD in rats. Nature 281 (5733): 706–707.
Poiger H, Schlatter C (1980) Influence of solvents and adsorbents on dermal and intestinal absorption of TCDD. Food Cosmet Toxicol 18 (5): 477–481.
Poiger H, Schlatter C (1986) Pharmacokinetics of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in man. Chemosphere (in press). Presented at the fifth international symposium on chlorinated dioxins and related compounds. Final programme. September 16–21, 1985. Bayreuth, West Germany.
Poiger H, Weber H, Schlatter C (1982) Special aspects of metabolism and kinetics of TCDD in dogs and rats. Assessment of toxicity of TCDD metabolite(s) in guinea pigs. In: Hutzinger O, Frei RW, Merian E, Pocchiari F (eds) Chlonnated dioxins and related compounds. Impact on the environment. Pergamon Press, NY. pp 317–325.
Poland A, Glover E (1979) An estimate of the maximum in vivo covalent binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin to rat liver protein, ribosomal RNA and DNA. Cancer Res 39 (9): 3341–3344.
Poland A, Glover E (1980) 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: segregation of toxicity with the Ah locus. Mol Pharmacol 17: 86–94.
Rose JQ, Ramsey JC, Wentzler TH, Hummel RA, Gehring PJ (1976) The fate of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin following single and repeated oral doses to the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 36 (2): 209–226.
Rowe VK (1968) Kolgman/Rowe correspondence, Exhibits 865 and 866 before the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States of America.
Ryan JJ, Lizotte R, Lau B P-Y (1985) Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans in Canadian human adipose tissue. Chemosphere 14: 697–706.
Sawahata T, Olson JR, Neal RA (1982) Identification of metabolites 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) formed on incubation with isolated rat hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 105 (1): 341–346.
Schantz SL, Barsotti DA, Allen JR (1979) Toxicological effects produced in nonhuman primates chronically exposed to 50 parts per trillion 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ( TCDD ). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 48: A180.
Schroy JM, Hileman FD, Cheng SC (1985) Physical/chemical properties of 2,3,7,8TCDD. Chemosphere 14: 877–880.
Schwetz BA, Norris JM, Sparschu GL, Rowe VK, Gehring PJ, Emerson JL, Gehring CJ (1973) Toxicology of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Environ Hlth Perspect 5: 87–99.
Seiler JP (1973) A survey on the mutagenicity of various pesticides. Experientia 29: 622–623.
Stevens KM (1981) Agent Orange toxicity: a quantitative perspective. Human Toxicol 1: 31–39.
Toth K, Sugar J, Somfai-Relle S, Bence J (1978) Carcinogenic bioassay of the herbicide, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyethanol (TCPE) with different 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin (dioxin) content in Swiss mice. Prog Biochem Pharmacol 14: 82–93.
Toth K, Somfai-Relle S, Sugar J, Bence J (1979) Carcinogenicity testing of herbicide 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyethanol containing dioxin and of pure dioxin in Swiss mice. Nature 278 (5704): 548–549.
Turner JN, Collins DN (1983) Liver morphology in guinea pigs administered either pyrolysis products of a polychlorinated biphenyl transformer fluid or 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo p-dioxins. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 67: 417–429.
USEPAa (1984a) Miscellaneous synthetic organic chemicals, occurrence in drinking water, food, and air. Report no. EPA–600/8–84–014A. USEPA Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.
USEPAa (1984b) Ambient water quality criteria for 2,3,7,8–tetrachlorodibenzo–pdioxin. Report no. EPA–440/5–84–007. USEPA Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, DC.
USEPAa (1984c) Method 613. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Fed Regis 49(209): 433368–78. October 26, 1984.
USEPAa (1985a) Drinking water criteria document for 2,3,7,8–tetrachlorodibenzo–pdioxin. Report no. EPA–600/X–84–194–1. USEPA Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.
USEPAa (1985b) Health assessment document for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Report no. EPA/600/8–84/014F. USEPA Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH.
USEPAa (1986) Guidelines for carcinogenic risk assessment. Fed Regis 51(185):33992–34003. September 24.
USFDAa (1983) Food and Drug Administration. Statement by S.A. Miller, Director, Bureau of Foods, U.S. FDA, before the Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research and Environment, U.S. House of Representatives. June 30.
Miller JP, Marlar RJ, Allen JR (1976) Tissue distribution and excretion of tritiated tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in nonhuman primates and rats. Food Cosmet Toxicol 14 (1): 31–34.
Vinopal JH, Casida JE (1973) Metabolic stability of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin in mammalian liver microsomal systems and in living mice. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1 (2): 122–132.
Vos JG, Moore JA, Zink! JG (1974) Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in C57B1/6 mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 29: 299–241.
Wassom JS, Huff JE, Loprieno N (1978) A review of the genetic toxicology of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Mutat Res 47 (3,4): 141–160.
Young AL, Kang HK, Shepard BM (1983) Chlorinated dioxins as herbicide contaminants. Environ Sci Technol 17: 530A - 540A.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ware, G.W. (1988). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin. In: Ware, G.W. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 107. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7083-3_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7083-3_12
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-7085-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-7083-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive