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Reactions of DNA

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Gene Function

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Abstract

The bacterial genome encodes about one to two thousand different protein species, the majority of which are likely to be enzymes rather than structural components. Of the numerous cytoplasmic processes carried out by these biological catalysts, those that involve nucleic acid, in particular DNA, are crucial for cellular survival and, in the long term, for preservation of genetic information. Thus, although perturbation of a biosynthetic reaction at the transcriptional or translational level may result in auxotrophy, such an effect is phenotypic (rather than genotypic) since it is compensated by de novo RNA and protein production once the block is removed. When a change occurs at the level of DNA, itself, it is heritable and will be passed on to all progeny cells (unless otherwise repaired). Reactions of DNA are, therefore, limited in the present context to those that directly affect the genetic material — the breaking and making of internucleotide bonds or the modification of DNA nucleotides — and not the passive use of DNA as a template, as in transcription (Chapter 2). These processes, DNA replication, recombination and repair (mutation has been discussed in Chapter 3), have many gene functions in common.

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  1. Nottingham, UK

    Robert E. Glass

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© 1982 Robert E. Glass

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Glass, R.E. (1982). Reactions of DNA. In: Gene Function. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6689-8_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6689-8_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7099-0082-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-6689-8

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