Skip to main content

Abstract

Transmitting engine power to the drawbar in agricultural and other off-highway vehicles is achieved through traction devices, namely wheels and tracks. Of the three principal ways of transmitting tractor-engine power into useful work—power takeoff, hydraulic, and drawbar—the least efficient and most used method is the drawbar. Basic configurations of wheels and tracks are modified to meet special operating conditions in various parts of the world. The predominate traction device is the pneumatic tire. The majority of this chapter deals with the theory and operating parameters of pneumatic tires for agricultural tractors. Terminology used in this chapter conforms, when possible, to ASAE Standard: ASAE S296.2.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ashmore, C., J. L. Turner, and E. C. Burt. “Predicting Tractive Performance of Logskidder Tires.” ASAE Paper 85-1579, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, A. C., and E. C. Burt. “Performance of Tandem, Dual, and Single Tires.” Trans. of ASAE, vol. 24, no. 5, 1981, p. 1103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, E. C., et al. “Combined Effects of Dynamic Load and Travel Reduction on Tire Performance.” Trans. of ASAE, vol. 22, no. 1, 1979, p. 40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer, M. J. Some Aspects of Tyre Design and Their Effect on Agricultural Tractor Performance. Institution of Mechanical Engineers, England, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer, M. J. “The Tractive Performance of Wheeled Vehicles.” J. Terramechanks, vol. 21, no. 1, 1984, p. 19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer, M. J., and G. Pearson, “A Field Comparison of the Tractive Performance of Two-and Four-Wheel Drive Tractors.” J. Agric. Eng’g Res., vol. 21, 1976, pp. 77–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, R. W. “Agricultural Tire Design Requirements and Selection Considerations.” ASAE Distinguished Lecture Series (Tractor Design No. 3), Dec. 13, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freitag, D. R. “A Dimensional Analysis of the Performance of Pneumatic Tires on Soft Soils.” USAE Waterways Experiment Station, Technical Rep. No. 3-688, Aug. 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freitag, D. R. “Soil Dynamics as Related to Traction and Transport.” Proceedings of International Conference on Soil Dynamics, vol. 4, Auburn, AL, June 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reed, I. F., A. W. Cooper, and C. A. Reeves. “Effects of Two-Wheel and Tandem Drives on Traction and Soil Compacting Stresses.” Trans. of ASAE, vol. 2, no. 1, 1959, p. 22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, T. “Operation in Paddy Fields: State-of-the-Art Report.” J. Terramechanics, vol. 21, no. 2, 1984, p. 153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J. H. “Lug Spacing Effect on Traction of Pneumatic Tractor Tires.” Trans. of ASAE, vol. 17, no. 2, 1974, p. 195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J. H., E. C. Burt, and A. C. Bailey. “Radial Tire Performance in Firm and Soft Soils.” Trans. of ASAE, vol. 19, no. 6, 1976, p. 1062.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J. H., et al. “Multipass behavior of a pneumatic tire in tilled soils.” Trans. of ASAE, vol. 25, no. 5, 1982, p. 1229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turnage, G. W. “Tire Selection and Performance Prediction for Off-Road Wheeled-Vehicle Operations.” Proceedings of Fourth International Conference of the International Society for the Terrain Vehicle Systems, vol. 1, Stockholm, Sweden, Apr. 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wismer, R. D., and H. J. Luth, “Off-road Traction Prediction for Wheeled Vehicles.” Trans. of ASAE, vol. 17, no. 1, 1974, p. 8.

    Google Scholar 

Suggested Reading

  • Agricultural Engineers Yearbook, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, P. H. “The Comparative Performance of Some Traction Aids.” J. Agric. Eng’g Res. (England), vol. 1, no. 1, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barger, E. L., and J. Roberts. “Effect of Tire Wear on Tractor Performance.” Agric. Engr., vol. 20, May 1939, pp. 191–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekker, M. G. Theory of Land Locomotion. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt, E. C., R. L. Schafer, and J. H. Taylor, “Similitude of a Model Traction Device: Part I—Prediction of the Dynamic Traction Ratio, Part II—Prediction of Wheel Sinkage. Trans. of ASAE, vol. 17, no. 4, 1974, p. 662.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caterpillar Performance Handbook, 3d ed. Caterpillar Tractor Company. Peoria, IL, Jan. 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, J. B., E. V. Collins, and E. G. McKibben. “Tractive Efficiency of the Farm Tractor.” Iowa Agric. Expt. Sta. Res. Bull, vol. 189, Sept. 1935.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deere & Co. Fundamentals of Service—Tires and Tracks. John Deere Service Publications, Moline, IL, 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Domier, K. W., D. H. Friesen, and J. S. Townsend. “Traction Characteristics of Two-Wheel Drive, Four-Wheel Drive and Crawler Tractors.” Trans. of ASAE, vol. 14, no. 3, 1971, p. 520.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer, M. J., D. W. Evernden, and M. McAllister. Handbook of Agricultural Tyre Performance, 2d ed. National Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Wrest Park, Silsoe, Bedford, England, Apr. 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  • Firestone Tire and Rubber Company. Agricultural Tire Engineering Data, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freitag, D., R. L. Schafer, and R. D. Wismer. “Similitude Studies of Soil Machine Systems.” Trans. of ASAE, vol. 13, no. 2, 1970, p. 201.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gee-Clough, D. “The Special Problem of Wetland Traction and Flotation.” J. Agric. Eng’g Res., vol. 32, 1985, pp. 279–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, W. R., and G. E. Vandenberg. “Soil Dynamics in Tillage and Traction.” Agriculture Handbook No. 316. Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karafiath, L. L., and E. A. Nawatzki. Soil Mechanics for Off-Road Vehicle Engineering. TransTech Publications, Rockport, MA, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambe, T. W., and R. V. Whitman. Soil Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langhaar, H. L. Dimensional Analysis and Theory of Models. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKibben, E. G., and J. B. Davidson. “Effort of Inflation Pressure on the Rolling Resistance of Pneumatic Implement Tires.” Agric. Engr., vol. 21, Jan. 1940, pp. 25–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKibben, E. G., and J. B. Davidson. “Effect of Outside and Cross-sectional Diameters on the Rolling Resistance of Pneumatic Implement Tires.” Agric. Engr., vol. 21, Feb. 1940, pp. 57–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, G. Similitude in Engineering. Ronald Press, New York, 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubber Manufacturers Association. Care and Service of Farm Tires. Rubber Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soehne, W. “Kraftubertranung Zwischen Schepperreiffen und Ackerboden (Stress Transmission Between Tractor Tires and Soils).” Grundl. Landtech., vol. 3, 1952, pp. 75–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Southwell, P. H. “An Investigation of Traction and Traction Aids.” Trans. of ASAE, vol. 7, no. 2, 1964, p. 190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, James H. “Lug Angle Effect on Traction Performance of Pneumatic Tractor Tires.” Trans. of ASAE, vol. 16, no. 1, 1973, p. 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, James H. “Comparative Traction Performance of R-1, R-3, and R-4 Tractor Tires.” Trans. of ASAE, vol. 19, no. 1, 1976, p. 14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandenberg, G. E., and W. R. Gill. “Pressure Distribution Between a Smooth Tire and the Soil.” Trans. of ASAE, vol. 5, no. 2, 1962, p. 105.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Van Nostrand Reinhold

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Liljedahl, J.B., Turnquist, P.K., Smith, D.W., Hoki, M. (1989). Traction. In: Tractors and their Power Units. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6632-4_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6632-4_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-6634-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-6632-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics