Abstract
The bollworm, Heliocoverpa (= Heliothis) zea, and the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, are important pests of cotton in the United States. Control difficulties for Heliothis spp. on cotton were reported in the 1950s (Ivy and Scales 1954), and resistance to DDT in the tobacco budworm was clearly demonstrated in Texas by Brazzel (1963) and in Louisiana by Graves et al. (1967). In a summary of these studies, Sparks (1981) documented DDT resistance for the bollworm in 12 states and for the tobacco budworm in eight states by 1970.
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Plapp, F.W., Campanhola, C., Bagwell, R.D., McCutchen, B.F. (1990). Management of Pyrethroid-resistant Tobacco Budworms on Cotton in the United States. In: Roush, R.T., Tabashnik, B.E. (eds) Pesticide Resistance in Arthropods. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6429-0_9
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