Abstract
Gastrulation in different organisms can involve distinct morphogenetic mechanisms, at least at the cellular level. In the sea urchin, two distinct periods of gastrulation are observed (Solursh 1986). One involves the formation of the primary mesenchyme cells, which give rise to the larval skeleton, and the other involves the formation of the archenteron. Each of these illustrate different sorts of cellular activities. The formation of the primary mesenchyme involves an epithelial-mesenchymal transition followed by the apparently random migration of individual mesenchymal cells in the blastocoel until they form two ventral-lateral clumps connected by a ring of cells. The formation of the archenteron involves the infolding of cells at the vegetal plate followed by cellular rearrangements as the archenteron elongates (see chapter by McClay).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akasaka, K, S. Amemiya, and H. Terayama. 1980. Scanning electron microscopical study of the inside of sea urchin embryos (Pseudocentrotus depressus). Effects of aryl β-xyloside, tunicamycin and deprivation of sulfate ions. Exp. Cell Res. 129:1–13.
Amemiya, S. 1989. Electron microscopic studies on primary mesenchyme cell ingression and gastrulation in relation to vegetal pole cell behavior in sea urchin embryos. Exp. Cell Res. 183:453–462.
Anstrom, J.A. 1989. Sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells: Ingression occurs independent of microtubules. Dev. Biol. 131:269–275.
Anstrom, J.A. and R.A. Raff. 1988. Sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells: Relation of cell polarity to the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Dev. Biol. 130:57–66.
Fink, R.D. and D.R. McClay. 1985. Three cell recognition changes accompany the ingression of sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells. Dev. Biol. 107:66–74.
Funkunaga, Y., M. Sobue, N. Suzuka, H. Kushida, and S. Suzuki. 1975. Synthesis of a fluorogenic mucopolysaccharide by chondrocytes in cell culture with 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-xyloside. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 381:443–447.
Galligani, L., J. Hopwood, N.B. Schwartz, and A. Dorfman. 1975. Stimulation of synthesis of free chondroitin sulfate chains by β-D-xyloside in cultured cells. J. Biol. Chem. 250:5400–5406.
Gibbons, J.R., L.G. Tilney, and K.R. Porter. 1969. Microtubules in the formation and development of the primary mesenchyme in Arbacia punctulata. I. The distribution of microtubules. J. Cell Biol. 41:201–226.
Gustafson, T. and H. Kinnander. 1956. Microaquaria for time-lapse cinematographic studies of morphogenesis in swimming larvae and observations on sea urchin gastrulation. Exp. Cell Res. 11:36–51.
Gustafson, T. and L. Wolpert. 1963. The cellular basis of morphogenesis and sea urchin development. Int. Rev. Cytol. 15:139–214.
Herbst, C. 1904. Über die zur Entwicklung der Seeigelarven nothwendigen anorganischen Stoffe, ihre Rolle und Vertretbarkeit. III. Theil. Die Rolle der nothwendigen anorganischen Stoffe. Wilhelm Rouxs Arch. Dev. Biol. 17:306–520.
Karp, G.C. and M. Solursh. 1974. Acid mucopolysaccharide metabolism, the cell surface, and primary mesenchyme cell activity in the sea urchin embryo. Dev. Biol. 41:110–123.
Katow, H. and M. Solursh. 1980. Ultrastructure of primary mesenchyme cell ingression in the sea urchin, Lytechnius pictus. J. Exp. Zool. 213:231–246.
Katow, H. and M. Solursh. 1981. Ultrastructural and time-lapse studies of primary mesenchyme cell behavior in normal and sulfate-deprived sea urchin embryos. Exp. Cell Res. 136:233–245.
Lane M.C. and M. Solursh. 1988. Dependence of sea urchin primary mesenchyme cell migration on xyloside- and sulfate-sensitive cell surface-associated components. Dev. Biol. 127:78–87.
Lane, M.C. and M. Solursh. 1991. Primary mesenchyme cell migration requires a chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan. Dev. Biol. 143:389–397.
Solursh, M. 1986. Migration of sea urchin primary mesenchyme cells, p. 391–431. In: Developmental Biology: A Comprehensive Synthesis, vol 2, The Cellular Basis of Morphogenesis. L.W. Browder (Ed.). Plenum Press, New York.
Solursh, M., S.L. Mitchell, and H. Katow 1986. Inhibition of cell migration in sea urchin embryos by β-D-xyloside. Dev. Biol 118:325–332.
Solursh, M. and J.P. Revel. 1978. A scanning electron microscope study of cell shape and cell appendages in the primitive streak region of the rat and chick embryo. Differentiation 11:185–190.
Venkatasubramanian, K and M. Solursh. 1984. Adhesive and migratory behavior of normal and sulfate-deficient sea urchin cells in vitro. Exp. Cell Res. 154:421–431.
Yamada, KM. and J.A. Weston. 1975. The synthesis, turnover, and artificial restoration of a major cell surface glycoprotein. Cell 5:75–81.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Solursh, M., Lane, M.C. (1991). Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interactions During Primary Mesenchyme Formation in the Sea Urchin Embryo. In: Keller, R., Clark, W.H., Griffin, F. (eds) Gastrulation. Bodega Marine Laboratory Marine Science Series. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6027-8_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6027-8_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-6029-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-6027-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive