Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) - A Putative Mediator in Inflammatory Tissue Injury

  • Chapter
Cell-Cell Interactions in the Release of Inflammatory Mediators

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 314))

Abstract

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent lipid autacoid identified as 1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (figure 1). Originally isolated from immunoglobulin E-stimulated basophils as a potent inducer of platelet aggregation1, it soon became apparent that in addition to activation of platelets, PAF exerts diverse biological actions including stimulation of neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, increased vascular permeability, marked hemodynamic effects, and others2. It is now clear that PAF synthesis can be stimulated by various stimuli3 in many different cell types, some of which also release PAF into extracellular milieu. PAF actions are achieved at concentrations as low as 10−12 M in some systems and almost always by 10−9 M, suggesting a role as an intercellular messenger4. These observations have suggested that PAF plays a role both in normal physiological events and a variety of pathological responses. This chapter will emphasize the effects of PAF relevant to inflammatory responses and tissue injury. Some essential biochemical background of PAF will also be outlined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. J. Benveniste, P.M. Henson, and C.G. Cochrane, Leukocyte-dependent histamine release from rabbit platelet: The role of IgE basophils and a platelet activating factor, J Exp Med 136: 1356 (1972).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. P. Braquet, L. Touqui, T.Y. Shen, and B.B. Vargaftig, Perspectives in platelet-activating factor research, Pharmacol Rev 39: 97 (1987).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. F. Snyder, Platelet-activating factor and related acetylated lipids as potent biologically active cellular mediators, Am J Physiol 259:C697 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  4. S.M. Prescott, G.A. Zimmerman, and T.M. Mclntyre, Platelet-activating factor, J Biol Chem 265: 17381 (1990).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. P.V. Peplow, and D.P. Mikhailidis, Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and its relation to prostaglandins and leukotrienes and other aspects of arachidonate metabolism, Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essential Fatty Acids 41: 71 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. T.L. Yue, P.G. Lysko, and G. Feuerstein, Production of platelet-activating factor from rat cerebellar granule cells in culture, J. Neurochem 54: 1809 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. R.L. Wykle, B. Malone, and F. Snyder, Enzymatic synthesis of 1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, a hypotensive and platelet-aggregating lipid, J Biol Chem 255: 10256 (1980).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. G. Camussi, C. Tetta, F. Bussolino, and C. Baglion, Antiinflammatory peptides (antiflammins) inhibit synthesis of platelet-activating factor neutrophil aggregation and Chemotaxis, and intradermal inflammatory reactions, J Exp Med 171: 913 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. S.B. Hwang, Specific receptors of platelet-activating factor, receptor heterogeneity, and signal transduction mechanisms, J Lip Mediators 2: 123 (1990).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. T.L. Yue, M.M. Gleason, J. Hallenbeck, and G. Feuerstein, Characterization of platelet-activating factor-induced elevation of cytosolic free-calcium level in neurohybrid NCB-20 cells, Neurosci (1991). (In press).

    Google Scholar 

  11. D.W.H. Riches, S.K. Young, J.F. Seccombe, J.E. Henson, K.L. Clay, and P.M. Henson, The subcellular distribution of platelet-activating factor in stimulated human neutrophils, J Immunol 145: 3062(1990).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. D. Bratton and P.M. Henson, Cellular origins of PAF, in: “Platelet-activating factor and human disease/” P.J. Baarnes, C.P. Page and P.M. Henson, eds., Blackwell, Oxford, London (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  13. P. Braquet, M.P. Braquet, R.H. Bourgain, F. Bussolino, and D. Hosford, PAF cytokine auto-generated feedback networks in microvascular immune injury. J Lip Mediators 1: 75 (1989).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. S.M. Prescott, T.M. Mclntyre, and G.A. Zimmerman, The role of platelet-activating factor in endothelial cells, Thromb Haemost 64: 99 (1990).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. A.H. Lin, D.R. Morton, and R.R. Gorman, Acetyl-glyceryl-ester-phosphorylcholine stimulates leukotriene B4 synthesis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, J Clin Invest 70: 1058 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. C. Dubois, E. Bissonnette, and M. Rola-Pleszczynski, Platelet-activating factor (PAF) enhances tumor necrosis factor production by alvaolar macrophages, J Immunol 143: 964 (1989).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. R. Barthelson and F. Valone, Interaction of platelet-activating factor with interferon-γ in the stimulation of interleukin-1 production by human monocytes, J Allergy Cin Immunol 86: 193 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. Rose, R. Barthelson, R. Debs, and F. Valone, Selective monocyte activation by a 2-0-methoxy analog of platelet-activating factor, Clin Res 37: 418A (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  19. B. Bonavida, J.M. Mencia-Huerta, and P. Braquet, Effects of platelet-activating factor on peripheral blood monocytes: induction and priming for TNF secretion, J Lipid Mediator 2 (suppl): S65(1990).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Rola-Pleszczynski, Priming of human monocytes with PAF augments their production of tumor necrosis factor, J Lipid Mediator 2 (suppl): S77 (1990).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. R. Barthelson and F. Valone, Platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) messenger RNA, Clin Res 38: 111A (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Rola-Pleszczynski, B. Pignol, C. Pouliot, and P. Braquet, Inhibition of human lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 production by platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether): reversed by a specific antagonist: BN52021, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 142: 754 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Pretolani, J. Lefort, C. Dumarey and B.B. Vargaftig, Role of lipoxygenase metabolites for the hyperresponsiveness to PAF-acether of lungs from actively sensitized guinea-pigs, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 248: 355 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  24. N.F. Voelkel, S. Worthen, J.T. Reeves, P.M. Henson, and R.C. Murphy, Nonimmunological production of leukotrienes induced by platelet-activating factor, Science 218: 286 (1982).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. W. Hsueh, F. Gonzalez-Crussi, and J.L. Arroyave, Release of leukotriene C4 by isolated, perfused rat small intestine in response to platelet-activating factor, J Clin Invest 78: 108 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. P.J. Piper, and A.G. Stewart, Coronary vasoconstriction in the rat, isolated perfused heart induced by platelet-activating factor is mediated by leukotriene C4, J Br Pharmacol 88: 595 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. B. Pignol, S. Henane, J.M. Mencia-Huerta, and P. Braquet, Effect of long term treatment with platelet-activating factor on cytokine production by rat spleen cells, Int Arch Appl Immunol 88: 161 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Paubert-Braquet, D. Hosford, P. Klotz, J. Guibaud, and P. Braquet, Tumor necrosis factor alpha’ primes’ the platelet-activating factor-induced superoxide production by human neutrophils: possible involvement of G proteins, J Lipid Mediator 2 (suppl): S1 (1990).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. F. Bussolino, G. Camussi, C. Tetta, G. Barbarino, A. Bosia, and C. Baglioni, Selected cytokines promote the synthesis of platelet-activating factor in vascular endothelial cells: comparison between tumor necrosis factor alpha and beta and interleukin-1, J Lipid Mediator 2 (suppl): S15 (1990).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. N. Perico, and G. Remuzzi, Role of platelet-activating factor in renal immune injury and proteinuria, Am J Nephrol 10 (suppl 1): 98 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. D. Schlondorff, P. Goldwasser, R. Neuwirth, A. Satriano, and K.L. Clay, Production of platelet-activating factor in glomeruli and cultured glomerular mesangial cells, Am J Phyaiol 250: F1123 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. E. Pirotzky, J. Bidault, C. Burtin, M.C. Gubler, and J. Benveniste, Release of platelet-activating factor, slow reacting substance and vasoactive amines from isolated rat kidneys, Kidney Int 25: 404(1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. G. Camussi, C. Tetta, R. Coda, G. Segoloni, and A. Vercellone, Platelet-activating factor-induced lose of glomerular anionic charges, Kidney Int 25: 73 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Z. Ackerman, F. Karmeli, M. Ligumsky, and D. Rachmilewitz, Enhanced gastric and duodenal platelet-activating factor and leukotriene generation in duodenal ulcer patients, Scand J Gastroenterol 25: 925 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. D. Rachmilewitz, F. Karmeli, and R. Eliakim, Platelet-activating factor — a possible mediator in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, Scand J Gastroenterol 25 (suppl 172): 19 (1990).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. A. Dembinska-Kiec, B.A. Peskar, M.K. Muller, and M.A. Peskar, The effects of platelet-activating factor on flow rate and eicosanoid release in the isolated perfused rat gastric vascular bed, Prostaglandins 37: 69 (1989).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. J.L. Wallace, and B.J.R. Whittle, Profile of gastrointestinal damage induced by platelet-activating factor, Prostaglandins 32: 137 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. J.L. Wallace, CM. Hogaboam, and G.W. McKnight, Platelet-activating factor mediates gastric damage induced by hemorrhagic shock, Am J Physiol 259: G140 (1990).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. M.S. Caplan, X.M. Sun, and W. Hsueh, Hypoxia causes ischemic bowel necrosis in rats: the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether), Gastroenterol 99: 979 (1990).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. D. Kaminski, C.H. Andrus, and D. German, The role of prostanoids in the production of acute acalculous cholecystitis by platelet-activating factor, Ann Surg 212: 455 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. G. Emanuelli, G. Montrucchio, and E. Grain, Experimental acute pancreatitis induced by platelet-activating factor in rabbits, Am J Pathol 134: 314 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  42. G. Camussi, and J.R. Brentjens, The role of platelet-activating factor in inflammation, in: “Platelet-activating factor and related lipid mediators,” F. Snyder, ed., Plenum, New York (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  43. G. Camussi, and J.R. Brentjens, Inhalation of horseradish peroxidase by rabbits with specific IgE antibodies results in release into the circulation of platelet-activating factor and in lung lesions, Clin Immunol Immunopathol 34: 332 (1985).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. J. Mcmanus, and R.N. Pinckard, Kinetics of acetyl glycerol ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC)-induced acute lung alterations in the rabbit, Am J Pathol 121: 55 (1985)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. G. Camussi, I. Pawlowski, C. Tetta, C. Roffinello, M. Alberton, J. Brentjens, and S. Andres, Acute lung inflammation induced in the rabbit by local instillation of 1-0-octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine or of native platelet-activating factor, Am J Pathol 112: 78 (1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. J.M. Mencia-Huerta, D. Hosford, and P. Braquet, Acute and long-term pulmonary effects of platelet-activating factor, Clin Exp Allergy 19: 125 (1989).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. G. Montrucchio, G. Alloatti, F. Mariano, R. Paulis, and G. Camussi, Role of platelet-activating factor in the reperfusion injury of rabbit ischemic heart, Am J Pathol 137: 71 (1990).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. G. Montrucchio, G. Alloatti, C. Tetta, R. DeLuca, R.N. Saunders, G. Emanuelli, and G. Camussi, Release of platelet-activating factor (PAF) from ischemic-reperfused rabbit heart, Am J Physiol 2456:H11236 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  49. P. Braquet, D. Hosford, B. Spinnewyn, D. Dunerger, N.G. Bazan, and E. Pirotzky, The therapeutic potential of Ginkgolides and other PAF antagonists in cerebral ischemia, in: “Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and diseases,” K. Saito and D.J. Hanahan, eds., Int Med Publisher, Tokyo (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  50. P.J. Lindsberg, T.L. Yue, K.U. Frerichs, J.M. Hallenbeck, and G. Feuerstein, Evidence for platelet-activating factor as a novel mediator in experimental stroke in rabbits, Stroke 21: 1452 (1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. P. Kubes, G. Ibbotson, J. Russell, J.L. Wallace, and D.N. Granger, Role of platelet-activating factor in ischemia/reperfusion-induced leukocyte adherence, Am J Physiol 259:G300 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  52. G.L. Stahl, Z. Terashita, and A. Lefer, Role of platelet-activating factor in propagation of cardiac damage during myocardial ischemia, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 244: 898 (1988).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. G. Feuerstein, T.L. Yue, and P.G. Lysko, Platelet-activating factor a putative mediator in central nervous system injury?, Stroke 21 (suppl III): 90 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  54. H.E.P. Bazan, S.T.K. Reddy, J.M. Woodland, and N.G. Bazan, The accumulation of platelet-activating factor in the injured cornea may be interrelated with the synthesis of lipoxygenase products, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 149: 915 (1987).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. A.I. Mallet, and F.M. Cunningham, Structural identification of platelet-activating factor in psoriatic scale, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 126: 192 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. K.E. Grandel, R.S. Farr, A.A. Wanderer, T.C. Eisenstaat, and S.I. Wasserman, Association of platelet-activating factor with primary acruired cold urticaria, N Engl J Med 313: 405 (1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, PA, USA, 19406-0939

    Tian-Li Yue, Reuven Rabinovici & Giora Feuerstein

Authors
  1. Tian-Li Yue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Reuven Rabinovici
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Giora Feuerstein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA

    Patrick Y.-K. Wong

  2. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Charles N. Serhan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Yue, TL., Rabinovici, R., Feuerstein, G. (1991). Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) - A Putative Mediator in Inflammatory Tissue Injury. In: Wong, P.YK., Serhan, C.N. (eds) Cell-Cell Interactions in the Release of Inflammatory Mediators. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 314. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6024-7_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6024-7_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-6026-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-6024-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation