Abstract
The mammalian erythrocyte survives a multitude of insults during its circulating lifespan including oxidant attack, calcium influxes, repeated deformation and glycation among others (1). Nevertheless, the majority of red cells survive and apparently function well for the entire pre-programmed time period which represents their lifespan. Neither the mechanism which determines the time frame of the lifespan nor the signal that triggers the removal of the senescent cell by macrophages is known (1). The lack of knowledge concerning this fundamental biological process can clearly be attributed to a single underlying problem, the difficulty of reliably isolating aged red cells (2). The majority of investigators in this field have utilized a variety of physical techniques for isolating aged cells (1) based upon assumptions as to changes which may occur with red cell aging, for example, an increase in cellular density. As a result, there have been literally thousands of reports documenting the changes in red cell properties as a function of cellular density with the assumption that these findings reflect changes with age. It has now, however, become increasingly clear that density fractionation is not capable of producing a sufficiently pure population of aged erythrocytes to allow any biochemical characterization of age-dependent changes (3–6).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
M. R. Clark, Senescence of Red Blood Cells, Progress and Problems. Physiol. Rev. 68:503 (1988).
E. Beutler, Isolation of the aged, Blood Cells 14:1 (1988).
M. Morrison, C. W. Jackson, T. J. Mueller, T. Huang, M. E. Docktor, W. W. S. Walker, J. A. Singer, and H. H. Edwards, Does red cell density-correlate with red cell age, Biomed. Biochim. Acta 42:107 (1983).
M. R. Clark, L. Corash, and R. H. Jensen, Density distribution of aging, transfused human red cells, Blood 74:217A (1989).
G. L. Dale and S. L. Norenberg, Density fractionation of rabbit erythrocytes results in only a slight enrichment for aged cells, Biochim. Biophys Acta, in press (1990).
M. G. Luthra, J. M. Friedman, and D. A. Sears, Studies of density fractions of normal human erythrocytes labeled with iron-59 in vivo, J. Lab. Clin. Med. 94:879 (1979).
A. M. Ganzoni, R. Oakes, and R. S. Hillman, Red cell ageing in vivo, J. Clin. Invest. 50:1373 (1971).
E. Beutler and G. Hartman, Age-related red cell enzymes in children with transient erythroblastopenia of childhood and with hemolytic anemia, Pediatr. Res. 19:44 (1985).
T. Suzuki and G. L. Dale, Biotinylated erythrocytes: In vivo survival and in vitro recovery, Blood 70:791 (1987).
T. Suzuki and G. L. Dale, Senescent erythrocytes: The isolation of in vivo aged cells and their biochemical characteristics, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:1647 (1988).
G. L. Dale and S. L. Noremberg, Time-dependent loss of adenosine 5′-monophosphate deaminase activity may explain elevated adenosine 5′-triphosphate levels in senescent erythrocytes, Blood 74:2157 (1989).
A. M. Ganzoni, J. P. Barras, and H. R. Marti, Red cell ageing and death Vox Sang. 30:161 (1976).
D. E. Paglia, W. N. Valentine, M. Nakatani, and R. A. Brockway, AMP deaminase as a cell-age marker in transient erythroblastopenia of childhood and its role in the adenylate economy of erythrocytes, Blood 74:2161 (1989).
T. Suzuki and G. L. Dale, Membrane proteins in senescent erythrocytes, Biochem. J. 257:37 (1989).
T. J. Mueller, C. W. Jackson, M. E. Docktor, and M. Morrison, Membrane skeletal alterations during in vivo mouse red cell aging. Increase in the Band 4.1a:4.1b ratio, J. Clin. Invest. 79:492 (1987).
E. Beutler, in Red Cell Metabolism, A Manual of Biochemical Methods, New York, Grune and Stratton, 1983.
G. L. Dale, Radioisotopic assay for erythrocyte adenosine 5′-monophosphate deaminase, Clin. Chim. Acta 182:1 (1989).
J. D. Torrance, D. Whittaker, and E. Beutler, Purification and properties of human erythrocyte pyrimidine 5′-nucleotidase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74:3701 (1977).
F. Bontemps, G. Van den Berghe, and H. G. Hers, Pathways of adenine nucleotide catabolism in erythrocytes, J. Clin. Invest. 77:824 (1986).
F. L. Meyskens and H. E. Williams, Adenosine metabolism in human erythrocytes, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 240:170 (1971).
N. Ogasawara H. Goto, Y. Yamada, I. Nishigaki, T. Itoh, and I. Hasegawa, Complete deficiency of AMP deaminase in human erythrocytes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122:1344 (1984).
M. M. B. Kay, Mechanism of removal of senescent cells by human macrophages in situ, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72:3521 (1975).
J. A. Singer, L. K. Jennings, C. W. Jackson, M. E. Dockter, M. Morrison, and W. S. Walker, Erythrocyte homeostasis: Antibody-mediated recognition of the senescent state by macrophages, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:5498 (1986).
H. U. Lutz, S. Fasler, P. Stammler, F. Bussolino, and P. Arese, Naturally occurring anti-band 3 antibodies and complement in phagocytosis of oxidatively-stressed and in the clearance of senescent red cells, Blood Cells 14:175 (1988).
M. Magnani, S. Papa, L. Rossi, M. Vitale, G. Fornaini, and F. A. Manzoli, Membrane-bound immunoglobulins increase during red blood cell aging, Acta Haematol. 79:127 (1988).
W. F. Rosse, Quantitative immunology of immune hemolytic anemia. II. The relationship of cell-bound antibody to hemolysis and the effect of treatment, J. Clin. Invest. 50:734 (1971).
B. Zuppanska, E. Thompson, E. Brojer, and A. H. Merry, Phagocytosis of erythrocytes sensitized with known amounts of IgGl and IgG3 anti-Rh antibodies, Vox Sang. 53:96 (1987).
M. O. Jeje, M. A. Blajchman, K. Steeves, P. Horsewood, and J. G. Kelton, Quantitation of red cell associated IgG using an immunoradiometric assay, Transfusion 24:473 (1984).
G. L. Dale, S. L. Norenberg, and R. B. Daniels, Phospholipid and cholesterol content of senescent erythrocytes, submitted.
W. F. Rosse, Phosphatidylinositol-linked proteins and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, Blood 75:1595 (1990).
E. Kamber, A. Poyiagi, and G. Deliconstantinos, Modifications in the activities of membrane-bound enzymes during in vivo ageing of human and rabbit erythrocytes, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 77B:95 (1984).
G. L. Dale and N. Mohandas, manuscript in preparation.
Y. Ravindranath, F. Brohn, and R. M. Johnson, Erythrocyte age-dependent change of membrane protein 4.1: Studies in transient erythroblastopenia, Pediatr. Res. 21:275 (1987).
This is publication number 6506-MEM from the Research Institute of Scripps Clinic. Partial support was provided by grant AG 08545 from the National Institutes of Health.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dale, G.L., Daniels, R.B., Beckman, J., Norenberg, S.L. (1991). Characterization of Senescent Red Cells from the Rabbit. In: Magnani, M., De Flora, A. (eds) Red Blood Cell Aging. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 307. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5985-2_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5985-2_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5987-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5985-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive