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Maternal Thyroid Hormones during Pregnancy: Effects on the Fetus in Congenital Hypothyroidism and in Iodine Deficiency

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Advances in Perinatal Thyroidology

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 299))

Abstract

For years it has been generally accepted that the mammalian placenta is virtually impermeable to the natural iodothyronines, thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3’ triiodothyronine (T3). Although some placental transfer might occur, it would be physiologically irrelevant, with the pituitary-thyroid system being already functional and autonomous before birth 1–3. In most babies with congenital hypothyroidism, prompt onset of treatment with thyroid hormones soon after birth prevents most manifestations of brain damage. From this observation, and the idea that no thyroid hormone had been available to the fetus with an impaired thyroid, the conclusion has been drawn that thyroid hormones are not necessary for normal human brain development until birth 3, 4.

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  1. Unidad de Endocrinologia Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Facultad de Medicina UAM, Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain

    Gabriella Morreale de Escobar, María Jesus Obregón, Rosa Calvo & Francisco Escobar del Rey

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  1. College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Barry B. Bercu  & Dorothy I. Shulman  & 

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de Escobar, G.M., Obregón, M.J., Calvo, R., del Rey, F.E. (1991). Maternal Thyroid Hormones during Pregnancy: Effects on the Fetus in Congenital Hypothyroidism and in Iodine Deficiency. In: Bercu, B.B., Shulman, D.I. (eds) Advances in Perinatal Thyroidology. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 299. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5973-9_6

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