Abstract
The brain is considered to be a glucose-obligatory organ, that is neuronal and glial cells from the central nervous system (CNS) are dependent on glucose as a sole energy source1. The ability of various anatomical areas of the brain to utilize glucose has been shown to have a major impact on the control of certain physiological and behavioral functions of the brain. This has resulted in an increased desire to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the transport, metabolism, and sensitivity to the glucose in the brain. Recent identification and characterization of a facilitative glucose transporter family have set a pace for research involving glucose uptake systems present in the brain cells.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Lund-Andersen, H. Transport of glucose from blood to brain. Phys. Rev. 59:305–310, 1979.
Dick, A. P., Harik, S. I., Klip, A., Walker, D. M. Identification and characterization of the glucose transporter of the blood-brain barrier by cytochalasin B binding and immunological reactivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:7233–7237, 1984.
Baldwin, S. A., Cairns, M. T., Gardiner, R. M., Ruggier, R. A. D-glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding component of cerebral microvessels. J. Neurochem. 45:650–652, 1985.
Dick, A. P., Harik, S. I. Distribution of the glucose transporter in the mammalian brain. J. Neurochem. 46:1406–1411, 1986.
Matthaei, S., Olefsky, J. M., Horuk, R. Biochemical characterization and subcellular distribution of the glucose transporter from rat brain microvessels. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 905:417–425, 1987.
Kasanicki, M. A., Cairns, M. T., Davies, A., Gardiner, R. M., Baldwin, S. A. dentification and characterization of the glucose-transport protein of the bovine blood/brain barrier. Biochem. J. 247:101–108, 1987.
Kalaria, R. N., Gravina, S. A., Schmidley, J. W., Perry, G., Harik, S. I. The lucose transporter of the human brain and blood-brain barrier. Ann. Neurol. 24:757–764, 1988.
Gerhart, D. Z., LeVasseur, R. J., Broderius, M. A., Drewes, L R. Glucose transporter localization in brain using light and electron immunocytochemistry. J. Neuroscl. Res. 22:464–472, 1989.
Devaskar, S. The mammalian brain glucose transport system. In: Molecular Biology and Physiology of Insulin and Insulin-like Growth FactorsRaizada, M. K., and LeRoith, D., Plenum Press, New York, 1991 (in press).
Pardridge, W. M., Boado, R. J. and Farrel, C. R. Brain-type glucose transporter (GLUT 1) is selectively localized to the blood brain barrier. J. Biol. Chem. 265:18035–18040, 1990.
Pessin, J. E., Tillotson, L. G., Yamada, K., . Identification of the stereospecific hexose hexose transporter from starved and fed chicken embryo fibroblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:2286–2290, 1982.
Walker, P. S., Donovan, J. A., Van Ness, B. G., Fellows, R. E. and Pessin, J. E. Glucose-dependent regulation of glucose transport activity, protein, and mRNA in primary cultures of rat brain glial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 263:15594–15601, 1988.
Choi, T. B., Boado, R. J. and Pardridge, W. M. Blood-brain barrier glucose transporter mRNA is increased in experimental diabetes mellitus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 164:375–380, 1989.
Harik, S. I., Gravina, S. A. and Kalaria, R. N. Glucose transporter of the blood-brain barrier and brain in chronic hyperglycemia. J. Neurochem. 51:1930–1934, 1988.
Matthaei, S., Horuk, R. and Olefsky, J. M. Blood-brain glucose transfer in diabetes mellitus. Decreased number of glucose transporters at blood-brain barrier. Diabetes. 35:1181–1184, 1986.
Pardridge, W. M., Triguero, D. and Farrell, C. R. Downregulation of blood-brain barrier glucose transporter in experimental diabetes. Diabetes. 39:1040–1044, 1990.
Kayano, T., Fukumoto, H., Eddy, R. L, . Evidence for a Family of Human Transporter-like Proteins. J Biol Chem 263:15245–15248, 1988.
Werner, H., Raizada, M. K., Mudd, L. M., . Regulation of Rat Brain/HepG2 glucose Transporter Gene Expression by Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Primary Cultures of Neuronal and Glial Cells. Endocrinology 125 No. 1:314–320, 1989.
Mudd, L. M., Werner, H., Shen-Orr, Z., . Regulation of Rat Brain/HepG2 Glucose Transporter Gene Expression by Phorbol Esters in Primary Cultures of Neuronal and Glial Cells. Endocrinology 126 No. 1:545–549, 1990.
Sadiq, F., Holtzclaw, L., Chundu, K., Muzzafar, A. and Devaskar, S. The Ontogeny of the Rabbit Brain Glucose Transporter. Endocrinology 126 No. 5:2417–2424, 1990.
Boado, R. J. and Pardridge, W. M. The Brain-type Glucose Transporter mRNA is Specifically Expressed at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 166:174–9, 1990.
Clarke, D., Ramaswamy, A., Holmes, L, Mudd, L., Poulakos, J. and Raizada, M. K. Phorbol Esters Stimulate 2-deoxyglucose Uptake in Glia, but Not Neurons. Brain Research 421:358–362, 1987.
Clarke, D. W., Boyd, F. T., Kappy, M. S. and Raizada, M. K. Insulin Binds to Specific Receptors and Stimulates 2-deoxy D-glucose Uptake in Cultured Glial Cells From Rat Brain. J. Biol. Chem. 259:11672–11678, 1984.
Sivitz, W., DeSautel, S., Walker, P. S. and Pessin J. E. Regulation of the Glucose Transporter In Developing Rat Brain. Endocrin. 124:1875–1880, 1989.
Werner, H., Adamo, M., Lowe Jr., W. L, Roberts Jr., C. T. and LeRoith, D. Developmental regulation of the Rat Brain/HepG2 Glucose Transporter Gene Expression. Mol. Endocrin. 3:273–279, 1989.
Steffens, A. B., Sheurink, A. J. W., Porte Jr., D. and Woods, S. C. Penetration of peripheral glucose and insulin into cerebrospinal fluid in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 255:R200, 1988.
Hertz, M. and Paulson, O. Glucose Transfer Across the Blood-Brai Barrier. Adv. Met. Disorders. 10:178–192, 1983.
Oomura, Y. Glucose as a Regulator of Neuronal Activity. Adv. Met. Disorders. 10:31–65, 1983.
Fukumoto, H., Seino, S., Imura, H.,Sequence, tissue distribution, and chromosomal localization of mRNA encoding a human glucose transporter-like protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5434–5438, 1988.
Thorens, B., Sarkar, H. K., Kaback, H. R. and Lodish, H. F. Cloning nad functional expression in bacteria of a novel glucose transporter present in liver, intestine, kidney, and beta-pancreatic islet cells. Cell 55:281–290, 1988.
Chen, L, Alam, T., Johnson, J. H., Hughes, S., Newgard, C. B. and Unger, R. H. Regulation of beta-cell glucose transporter gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:4088–4092, 1990.
Axelrod, J. D. and Pilch, P. F. Unique Cytochalasin B Binding Characteristics of the Hepatic Glucose Carrier. Biochem. 22:2222–2227, 1983
Wheeler, T. J. and Hinkle, P. C. The Glucose Transporter of Mammalian Cells. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 47:503–508, 1989.
Keller, K., Strube, M. and Mueckler, M. Functional Expression of the Human HepG2 and Rat Adipocyte Glucose Transporters in Xenopus Oocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 264:1884–1890 , 1989.
Fukumoto, H., Kayano, T., Buse, J. B., . Cloning and characterization of the major insulin-responsive glucose transporter expressed in human skeletal muscle and other insulin responsive tissues. J Biol Chem 264:7776–7779, 1989.
Thorens, B., Charron, M. J. and Lodish, H. F. Molecular physiology of glucose transporters. Diabetes Care 13:209–218, 1990.
Adamo, M., Raizada, M. K. and Leroith, D. Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptors in the Nervous System. Mol. Neurobiol. 3:72–100, 1989.
Wardzala, L. J., Cushman, S. W. and Salans L. B. Mechanism of Insulin Action on Glucose Transport in the Isolated Rat Adipose Cell. J. Biol. Chem. 253:8002–8005, 1978.
Suzuki, K. and Kono, T. Evidence that Insulin Causes Translocation of Glucose Transport Activity to the Plasma Membrane from an Intracellular Storage Site. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77:2542–2545, 1980.
Woods, S. C. and Porte Jr., D. The Role of Insulin as a Satiety Factor in the Central Nervous System. Adv. Met. Disorders 10:457–468, 1983.
Roeder, L. M., Hopkins, I. B., Kaiser, J. R., Hanukoglu, L. and Tildon, J. T. Thyroid Hormone Action on Glucose Transporter Activity in Astrocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 156:275–281, 1988.
Elbein, A. D. Inhibitors of the biosynthesis and processing of N-linked oligosaccharide chains. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 56:497–534, 1987.
Lee, A. S., Delegeane, A. M., Baker, V. and Chow, P. C. Transcriptional regulation of two genes specifically induced by glucose starvation in a hamster mutant fibroblast cell line. J. Biol. Chem. 258:597–603, 1983.
Attenello, J. W. and Lee, A. S. Regulation of a hybrid gene by glucose and temperature in hamster fibroblasts. Science 226:187–190, 1984
Chang, S. C, Wooden, S. K., Nakaki, T., Kim, Y. K., Lin, A. T., Kung, L., Attenello, J. W. and Lee, A. S. Rat gene encoding the 78-kDa glucose regulated protein GRP78: its regulatory sequences and the effect of protein glycosylation on its expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84:680–684, 1987.
Parfett, C. L. J., Brudzynski, K. and Stiller, C. Enhanced accumulation of mRNA for 78-kilodalton glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) in tissues of nonobese diabetic mice. Biochem. Cell Biol. 68:1428–1432, 1990.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rydzewski, B.Z., Wozniak, M.M., Raizada, M.K. (1991). Glucose Transporters in Central Nervous System Glucose Homeostasis. In: Raizada, M.K., LeRoith, D. (eds) Molecular Biology and Physiology of Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factors. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 293. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5949-4_35
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5949-4_35
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5951-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5949-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive