Abstract
Embryonic development of B lymphocytes in the mouse is remarkably well programmed in time of gestation. A first wave of development in embryonic blood and placenta1,2 reaches its peak of mitogen-reactive precursors at day 12 of gestation. This is followed by a second wave in fetal liver, which reaches its peak of mitogen-reactive B cells around birth, i.e., at day 19 of gestation.3,4 This development also occurs when embryonic bodies with blood islands and beating heart cells develop in vitro from embryonic stem cells (U. Chen and F. Melchers, manuscript in preparation). Since mitogen-reactive precursors develop from embryonic stem cells with much the same time schedule in vitro as they do in vivo cell cycle times, numbers of divisions and differentiation steps along the embryonic B lymphocyte development must be tightly controlled. We have investigated B cell development in fetal liver of the mouse on the cellular and molecular level in order to understand how such ordered development in time of gestation is achieved.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
F. Melchers, Murine embryonic B lymphocyte development in the placenta, Nature 277:219 (1979).
F. Melchers and J. Abramczuk, Murine embryonic blood between day 10 and 13 of gestation as a source of immature precursor B cells, Eur. J. Immunol. 10:763 (1980).
F. Melchers, B lymphocyte development in fetal liver. I. Development of reactivities to B cell mitogens in vivo and in vitro, Eur. J. Immunol. 7:476 (1977).
F. Melchers, B lymphocyte development in fetal liver. II. Frequencies of precursor B cells during gestation, Eur. J. Immunol7:482 (1977).
E. Gronowicz, A. Coutinho, and F. Melchers, A plaque assay for all cells secreting Ig of a given type or class, Eur. J. Immunol. 6:588 (1976).
J. Andersson, A. Coutinho, W. Lernhardt, and F. Melchers, Clonal growth and maturation to immunoglobulin secretion in vitro of every growth-inducible B lymphocyte, Cell 11:27 (1977).
C. N. Berger, In situ hybridization of immunoglobulin-specific RNA in single cells of the B lymphocyte lineage with radio-labelled DNA probes, EMBO J. 5:85 (1986).
N. Sakaguchi and F. Melchers, 5, a new light-chain-related locus selectively expressed in pre-B lymphoyctes, Nature 324:579 (1986).
A. Kudo, N. Sakaguchi, and F. Melchers, Organization of the murine Ig-related 5 gene transcribed selectively in pre-B lymphocytes, EMBO J. 6:103 (1987).
A. Kudo and F. Melchers, A second gene, V reB in the 15 locus of the mouse, which appears to be selectively expressed in pre-B lymphocytes, EMBO J. 6:2267 (1987).
A. Strasser, PB76: a novel surface glycoprotein preferentially expressed on mouse pre-B cells and plasma cells detected by the monoclonal antibody G-5–2,Eur. J. Immunol. 18:1803 (1988).
C. Marquez, A. de la Hera, E. Leonardo, L. Pezzi, A. Strasser, and A. C. Martinez, Identity of PB76 differentiation antigen and lymphocyte alkaline phosphatase, Eur. J. Immunol. 20:947 (1990).
F. Melchers, A. Strasser, S. R. Bauer, A. Kudo, P. Thalmann, and A. Rolink, Cellular stages and molecular steps of murine B cell development, Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 54:183 (1990).
A. Strasser, T. Rolink, and F. Melchers, One synchronous wave of B cell development in mouse fetal liver changes at day 16 of gestation from dependence to independence of a stromal cell environment, J. Exp. Med. 170:1973 (1989).
S. Tonegawa, Somatic generation of antibody diversity, Nature 302:575 (1983).
P. W. Kincade, Experimental models for understanding B lymphocyte formation, Adv. Immunol. 41:181 (1987).
P. W. Kincade, G. Lee, C. W. Paige, and M. P. Scheid, Cellular interactions affecting the maturation of murine B lymphocyte precursors in vitro, J. Immunol. 127:255 (1981).
J. W. Coleman, J. H. K. Yeung, M. D. Tingle, and B. K. Park, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to protein-reactive drugs and metabolites: criteria for identification of antibody activity, J. Immunol. Meth. 88:37 (1986).
C. Whitlock, K. Denis, D. Robertson, and O. N. Witte, In vitro analysis of murine B-cell development, Ann. Rev. Immunol. 3:213 (1985).
G. H. Gisler, A. Söderberg, and M. Kamber, Functional maturation of murine B lymphocyte precursors. II. Analysis of cells required from the bone marrow micro-environment, J. Immunol 138:2433 (1987).
P. L. Witte, M. Robertson, A. Henley, M. G. Low, D. L. Stiers, S. Perkins, R. A. Fleischman, and P. W. Kincade, Relationship between B-lineage lymphocytes and stromal cells in long-term bone marrow cultures, Eur. J. Immunol. 17:1473 (1987).
T. Kinashi, K. Inaba, T. Tsubata, K. Tashiro, R. Palacios, and T. Honjo, Differentiation of an interleukin 3-dependent precursor B cell clone into immunoglobulin-producing cells in vitro, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 85:4473 (1988).
L. E. Pietrangeli, S.-I. Hayashi, and P. W. Kincade, Stromal cell lines which support lymphocyte growth: characterization, sensitivity to radiation and responsiveness to growth factors, Eur. J. Immunol. 18:863 (1988).
R. Palacios, S. Stuber, and A. Rolink, Epigenetic influences of bone marrow stroma and liver stroma on the developmental potential of LY1 plus pro-B lymphocytes, Eur. J. Immunol 19:347 (1989).
S. I. Nishikawa, M. Ogawa, S. Nishikawa, T. Kunnisada, and H. Kodama, B lymphopoiesis on stromal cell clone: stromal cell clones acting on different stages of B cell differentiation, Eur. J. Immunol. 18:1767 (1988).
M. Ogawa, S. Nishikawa, Y. Ikuta, F. Yamamura, M. Naito, K. Takahashi, and S. I. Nishikawa, B cell ontogeny in murine embryo studied by a culture system with the monolayer of a stroma cell clone, ST2: B cell progenitor develops first in the embryonal body rather than in the yolk sac, EM BO J. 7:1337 (1988).
H. A. Kodama, Y. Amagai, H. Koyama, and S. Kasai, A new preadipose cell line derived from newborn mouse calvaria can promote the proliferation of pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells in vitro, J. Cell. Physiol. 112:89 (1982).
H. A. Kodama, H. Sudo, H. Koyama, S. Kasai, and S. Yamamoto, In vitro hemopoiesis within a microenvironment created by MC3T3-G2/PA6 preadipocytes, J. Cell. Physiol. 118:233 (1984).
H. A. Kodama, H. Hagiwara, H. Sudo, Y. Amagai, T. Yokota, N. Arai, and Y. Kitamura, MC3T3-G2/PA6 preadipocytes support in vitro proliferation of hemopoietic stem cells through a mechanism different from that of interleukin 3, J. Cell. Biol. 129:20 (1986).
T. Sudo, M. Ito, Y. Ogawa, M. Lizuka, A. Kodama, T. Kumisada, S.-I. Hayashi, M. Ogawa, K. Sakai, S. Nishikawa, and S. I. Nishikawa, Interleukin 7 production and function in stromal cell-dependent B cell development, J. Exp. Med. 170:338 (1989).
A. E. Namen, S. Lupton, K. Kjerrild, J. Urignall, D. Y. Mochizuki, A. Schmierer, B. Mosley, C. J. March, D. Urdai, S. Gillis, D. Cosman, and R. G. Goodwin, Stimulation of B-cell progenitors by cloned murine interleukin-7, Nature 333:571 (1988).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Plenum Press, New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Melchers, F., Strasser, A., Bauer, S.R., Kudo, A., Thalmann, P., Rolink, A. (1991). B Cell Development in Fetal Liver. In: Gupta, S., Paul, W.E., Cooper, M.D., Rothenberg, E.V. (eds) Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation III. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 292. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5943-2_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5943-2_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5945-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5943-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive