Abstract
Typically a magnetic material1 may consist of elements from a transition group of the periodic table and involve atoms of Fe, Co, Mn and Ni, for example. The atoms of such elements have unfilled electron shells so that an uncompensated magnetic moment can arise from the spin of the electrons. If the permeability of a substance is less than unity, so that its magnetic susceptibility is negative, then it is said to be diamagnetic. The opposite situation of positive susceptibility is of interest here, since this feature characterises paramagnetic and other very interesting magnetic media. Broadly speaking, if only a small concentration of magnetic ions exists then the magnetic materials are known as paramagnets. Ordinary paramagnetic substances have permeabilities close to unity but the transition elements give rise to substantial values. In paramagnetic materials, however, the magnetic ions are practically independent of each other. The orientation of the magnetic moments of these ions is chaotic, with the average moment of the whole volume being equal to zero.
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© 1990 Plenum Press, New York
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Boardman, A.D., Gulyaev, Y.V., Nikitov, S.A., Qi, W. (1990). Nonlinear Waves in Ferromagnetic Films. In: Boardman, A.D., Bertolotti, M., Twardowski, T. (eds) Nonlinear Waves in Solid State Physics. NATO ASI Series, vol 247. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5898-5_7
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