Skip to main content

Abstract

This paper describes a portion of the OFMspert (Operator Function Model Expert System) research project. OFMspert is an architecture for an intelligent operator’s associate or assistant that can aid the human operator of a complex, dynamic system. Intelligent aiding requires both understanding and control. This paper focuses on the understanding (i.e., intent inferencing) ability of the operator’s associate. Understanding or intent inferencing requires a model of the human operator; the usefulness of an intelligent aid depends directly on the fidelity and completeness of its underlying model. The model chosen for this research is the operator function model (OFM) (Mitchell, 1987). The OFM represents operator functions, subfunctions, tasks, and actions as a heterarchic-hierarchic network of finite state automata, where the arcs in the network are system triggering events. The OFM provides the structure for intent inferencing in that operator functions and subfunctions correspond to likely operator goals and plans. A blackboard system similar to that of HASP (Nii et al., 1982) is proposed as the implementation of intent inferencing function. This system postulates operator intentions based on current system state and attempts to interpret observed operator actions in light of these hypothesized intentions.

The OFMspert system built for this research is tailored for the GT-MSOCC (Georgia Tech Multisatellite Operations Control Center) simulation. The GT-MSOCC OFMspert has been the subject of rigorous validation studies (Jones, 1988) that demonstrate its validity as an intent inferencer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Chambers, A. G., and Nagel, D. C., 1985, Pilots of the Future: Human or Computer? Communications of the ACM, Vol. 28, No. 11, pp. 1187–1199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, A., and Feigenbaum, E. A., 1982, The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, P. M., 1988, Constructing and Validating a Model-Based Operator’s Associate for Supervisory Control, Report No. 88–1, Center for Human-Machine Systems Research, School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, P. M., and Mitchell, C. M., 1987, Operator Modeling: Conceptual and Methodological Distinctions, Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the Human Factors Society, Volume 1, pp. 31–35, Santa Monica, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. R., Polson, P. G., and Kintsch, W., 1984, Problems of Methodology in Cognitive Science, Method and Tactics in Cognitive Science, Kintsch, W., Miller, J. R., and Poison, P. G., eds., Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. A., 1985, A Systems Approach to Modeling Discrete Control Performance, Advances in Man- Machine Systems Research, Volume 2, Rouse, W. B., ed., pp. 177–248, JAI Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. A., 1985, A Systems Approach to Modeling Discrete Control Performance, Advances in Man- Machine Systems Research, Volume 2, Rouse, W. B., ed., pp. 177–248, JAI Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, C. M., 1987, GT-MSOCC: A Research Domain for Modeling Human-Computer Interaction and Aiding Decision Making in Supervisory Control Systems, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-17, pp. 553–572.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, C. M., and Forren, M. G., 1987, Multimodal User Input to Supervisory Control Systems: Voice-Augmented Keyboards, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybemetics, Vol. SMC-17, pp. 594–607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, C. M., and Miller, R. A., 1985, A Discrete Control Model of Operator Function: A Methodology for Information Display Design, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. SMC-16, pp. 343–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nii, H. P., Feigenbaum, E. A., Anton, J. J., and Rockmore, A. J., 1982, Signal-to-Symbol Transformation: HAS/SLOP Case Study, Heuristic Programming Project, Report No. HPP-82–6, Heuristic Programming Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nii, H. P., 1986, Blackboard Systems, AI Magazine, Vol. 7–2, Vol. 7–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, J., 1986, Information Processing and Human-Machine Interaction: An Approach to Cognitive Engineering, North-Holland, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, J., 1986, Information Processing and Human-Machine Interaction: An Approach to Cognitive Engineering, North-Holland, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, K. S., Jones, P. M., and Mitchell, C. M., 1987, OFMspert: Application of a Blackboard Architecture to Infer Operator Intentions in Real Time Decision Making,Report No. 87–6, Center for Human-Machine Systems Research, School of Industrial Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA. Also IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics,toappear.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schank, R. C., and Abelson, R. P., 1977, Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheridan, T. B., and Johannsen, G., 1976, Monitoring Behavior and Supervisory Control, Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenger, E., 1987 Artificial Intelligence and Tutoring Systems, Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wickens, C. D., 1984, Engineering Psychology and Human Performance, Charles Merrill, Columbus, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winograd, T., 1972, Understanding Natural Language, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods, D. D., 1986, Cognitive Technologies: The Design of Joint Human-Machine Cognitive Systems, The Al Magazine, pp. 86–92.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jones, P.M., Mitchell, C.M., Rubin, K.S. (1990). Intent Inferencing with a Model-Based Operator’s Associate. In: Zunde, P., Hocking, D. (eds) Empirical Foundations of Information and Software Science V. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5862-6_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5862-6_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5864-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5862-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics