Skip to main content

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Transcription during Latent Infections of Mouse and Man

Implications for Dementia

  • Chapter
Psychiatry and Biological Factors

Abstract

Latent herpesvirus infections are generally described to have three stages: establishment, maintenance, and reactivation. Since 1929 when Goodpasture postulated that latent herpesvirus infections are established in the nervous system, we have known the sites where latent infections are established but the events by which latent infections are established, maintained, and reactivated remain a mystery. To completely understand the latency phenomena of herpesviruses, we must understand not only the role of the virus during the latent infection, but also the contribution of the infected cell or tissue to this process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adour, K. K., Bell, D. N., and Hilsinger, R. L., 1975, Herpes simplex virus in idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell palsy). J. Am. Med. Assoc. 233: 527–530.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ball, M. J., 1982, Limbic predilection in Alzheimer dementia: Is reactivated herpesvirus involved? Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 9: 303–306.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batterson, W., and Roizman, B., 1983, Characterization of the herpes simplex virion-associated factor responsible for induction of a genes, J. Viral. 46: 371–377.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benfey, M., and Aguayo, A. J., 1982, Extensive elongation of axons from rat brain into peripheral nerve grafts, Nature 296: 150–152.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brodie, S. W., 1979, Virology studies and Bell’s palsy, J. Laryngol. Otol. 93: 563–568.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Croen, K. D., Ostrove, J. M., Dragovic, L. J., Smialek, J. E., and Straus, S. E., 1987, Latent herpes simplex virus in human trigeminal ganglia. Detection of an immediate early gene “anti-sense” transcript by in situ hybridization, N. Engl. J. Med. 317: 1427–1432.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deady, A. M., Spivack, J. G., Lavi, E., and Fraser, N. W, 1987, RNA from an immediate early region of the HSV-1 genome is present in the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 3204–3208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deatly, A. M., Spivack, J. G., Lavi, E., O’Boyle, D. R., II, and Fraser, N. W, 1988, Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 transcripts in peripheral and central nervous system tissues of mice map to similar regions of the viral genome, J. Virol. 62: 749–756.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deatly, A. M., Haase, A. T, Fewster, P. H., Lewis, E., and Ball, M. J., 1990, Human herpes virus infections and Alzheimer’s disease, Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 16: 213–223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Efstathiou, S., Minson, A. C., Field, H. J., Anderson, J. R., and Wildy, P., 1986, Detection of herpes simplex virus-specific DNA sequences in latently infected mice and in humans, J. Virol. 57: 446–455.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elizan, T. S., and Casals, J., 1987, The viral hypothesis in Parkinson’s disease and in Alzheimer’s disease, in: Viruses, Immunity and Mental Disorders ( E. Kurstak, Z. J. Lipowski, and P. Morozov, eds.), Plenum Medical, New York, pp. 47–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Esiri, M. M., 1982, Herpes simplex encephalitis: An immunohistological study of the distribution of viral antigen within the brain, J. Neurol. Sci. 54: 209–226.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esiri, M. M., 1982, Herpes simplex encephalitis: An immunohistological study of the distribution of viral antigen within the brain, J. Neurol. Sci. 54: 209–226.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, N. W, Lawrence, W. C., Wroblewska, Z., Gilden, D. H., and Koprowski, H., 1981, Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA in human brain tissue, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 6461–6465.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, N. W, Deatly, A. M., Mellerick, D. M., Muggeridge, M. I., and Spivack, J. G., 1986, Molecular biology of latent HSV-1, in: Human Herpesvirus Infections ( C. Lopez and B. Roizman, eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 39–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodpasture, E. W., 1929, Herpetic infection, with special reference to involvement of the nervous system, Medicine 7: 223–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, Y. J., Johnson, B., Romanowski, E., and Araullo-Cruz, T., 1988, RNA complementary to herpes simplex virus type 1 ICPO gene demonstrated in neurons of human trigeminal ganglia, J. Virol. 62: 1832–1835.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grafstein, B., 1975, The nerve cell body response to axotomy, Exp. Neurol. 48: 32–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, T. J., 1983, Herpesviruses in the central nervous system, in: Viruses and Demyelinating Diseases ( C. Mims, ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 29–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, T. J., 1985, Herpes simplex virus latency, in: The Herpesviruses,Volume 4 (B. Roizman, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, p. 175–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Honess, R. W., and Roizman, B., 1974, Regulation of herpesvirus macromolecular synthesis. I. Cascade regulation of the synthesis of three groups of viral proteins, J. Virol. 14:8–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Javier, R. T., Stevens, J. G., Dissette, V. B., and Wagner, E. K., 1988, A herpes simplex virus transcript abundant in latently infected neurons is dispensable for establishment of the latent state, Virology 166: 254–257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R. T., 1982, Herpesvirus infections, in: Viral Infections of the Nervous System ( R. T. Johnson, ed.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 129–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knolls, F. B., Cook, M. L., and Stevens, J. G., 1974, Pathogenesis of herpetic encephalitis in mice after ophthalmic inoculation, J. Infect. Dis. 130: 16–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koprowski, H., 1978, Possible role of herpes virus in the chronic CNS diseases, in: ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Volume 11 ( J. G. Stevens, G. J. Todaro, and C. F. Fox, eds.), Academic PresS, New York, pp. 691–699.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koprowski, H., and Warren, K. G., 1978, Can a defective herpes simplex virus cause multiple sclerosis? Perspect. Biol. Med. 22: 10–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. E., Warren, K. G., Jeffrey, V. M., and Shnitka, T. K., 1982, Factors affecting recovery of latent herpes simplex virus from human trigeminal ganglia, Can. J. Microbiol. 28: 123–129.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Libikova, H., Pogady, J., Wiedermann, V., and Breier, S., 1975, Search for herpetic antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid in senile dementia and mental retardation, Acta Virol. 19: 493–495.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lonsdale, D. M., Brown, S. M., Lang, J., Subak-Sharpe, J., Koprowski, H., and Warren, K. G., 1980, Variations in herpes simplex virus isolated from human ganglia and a study of clonal variation in HSV 1, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 354: 291–308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, D. M. A., Yates, D. O., Davies, J. S., and Hawkes, J., 1981, Viruses, parkinsonism and Alzheimer’s disease, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 4: 651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J., 1981, Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 and multiple sclerosis, Lancet 2: 777–781.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGeer, P. L., Itagaki, S., Tago, H., and McGeer, E. G., 1987, Reactive microglia in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type are positive for the histocompatibility glycoprotein HLA-DR, Neurosci. Leu. 79: 195–200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. R., Holt, R. K., and Webster, H., 1988, Herpes simplex-related antigen in human demyelinative disease and encephalitis, Acta Neuropathol. 76: 325–337.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mellerick, D. M., and Fraser, N. W., 1988, Physical state of the latent herpes simplex virus genome in a mouse model system. Evidence suggesting an episomal state, Virology 158: 265–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Middleton, P. J., Petric, M., Kozak, M., Rewcastle, N. B., Crapper, M., and McLachlan, D. R., 1980, Herpes simplex viral genome and senile and presenile dementias of Alzheimer and Pick, Lancet 1: 1038.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nahmias, A. J., and Roizman, B., 1973, Infection with herpes-simplex viruses 1 and 2, N. Eng. J. Med. 289: 781–789.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oxbury, J. M., Matthews, W. B., and MacCallum, F. O., 1972, Herpes simplex and temporal lobe epilepsy, Br. Med. J. 3: 288.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pogo, B. G. T, Casals, J., and Elizan, T. S., 1987, A study of viral genomes and antigens in brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, Brain 110: 907–915.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Price, R. W, 1985, Herpes simplex virus latency: Adaptation to the peripheral nervous system. II, Cancer Invest. 3: 389–403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puga, A., and Notkins, A. L., 1987, Continued expression of a poly (A+) transcript of herpes simplex virus type 1 in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice, J. Virol. 61: 1700–1703.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rock, D. L., and Fraser, N. W, 1983, Detection of HSV-1 genome in the central nervous system of latently infected mice, Nature 302: 523–525.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rock, D. L., and Fraser, N. W, 1985, Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA contains two copies of the virion DNA joint region, J. Virol. 55: 849–852.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sequiera, L. W, Jennings, L. C., Carasco, L. H., Lord, M., Curry, A., and Sutton, R. N. P., 1979, Detection of herpes simplex viral genome in brain tissue, Lancet 2: 608–612.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spivack, J. G., and Fraser, N. W, 1987, Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 transcription during latent infections in mice, J. Virol. 61: 3841–3847.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spivack, J. G., and Fraser, N. W, 1988, Expression of a herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript in the trigeminal ganglia of mice during acute infection and reactivation of latent infection, J. Virol. 62: 1479–1485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, I., Spivack, J. G., O’Boyle, D. R., II, Lavi, E., and Fraser, N. W, 1988, Latent herpes simplex virus type 1 transcription in human trigeminal ganglia, J. Viral. 62: 3493–3496.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, I., Spivack, J. G., Lirette, R. P., Brown, S. M., MacLean, A. R., Subak-Sharpe, J. H., and Fraser, N. W, 1989, Herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts are evidently not essential for latent infections, EMBO J. 8: 505–511.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, J. G., Wagner, E. K., Devi-Rao, G. B., Cook, M. L., and Feldman, L. T., 1987, RNA complementary to a herpesvirus a gene mRNA is prominent in latently infected neurons, Science 235: 1056–1059.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens, J. G., Harr, L., Porter, D. D., Cook, M. L., and Wagner, E. K., 1988, Prominence of the herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript in trigeminal ganglia from seropositive humans, J. Infect. Dis. 158: 117–123.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stroop, W. G., Rock, D. L., and Fraser, N. W., 1984, Localization of herpes simplex virus in the trigeminal and olfactory systems in the mouse central nervous system during acute and latent infections by in situ hybridization, Lab. Invest. 51: 27–38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart-Harris, Sir C., 1983, The epidemiology and clinical presentation of herpes virus infections, J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 12 (Suppl. B), 1–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, G. R., Crow, T J., Markakis, D. A., Lofthouse, R., Neeley, S., and Carter, G. I., 1984, Herpes simplex virus and Alzheimer’s disease: A search for virus DNA by spot hybridisation, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 47: 1061–1065.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tenser, R. B., 1984, Herpes simplex and herpes zoster nervous system involvement, Neurol. Clin. 2: 215–240.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ter Meulen, V., Carter, M. J., Wege, H., and Watanabe, R., 1984, Mechanisms and consequences of virus persistence in the human nervous system, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 436: 86–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, J. J., and Baringer, J. R., 1978, Central nervous system susceptibility to herpes simplex virus infection, J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 37: 255–262.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vahlne, A., Edstrom, S., Arstila, P., Beran, M., Enjell, H., Nylen, O., and Lycke, E., 1981, Bell’s palsy and herpes simplex, Arch. Otolaryngol. 107: 79–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vahlne, A., Edstrom, S., Harmer, R, Anderson, O., Svennerholm, B., and Lycke, E., 1985, Possible association of herpes simplex virus infection with demyelinating disease, Scand. J. Infect. Dis. Suppl. 47: 16–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, E. K., Devi-Rao, G. B., Feldman, L. T, Dobson, A. T, Zhang, Y.-F., Flanagans, W F., and Stevens, J. G., 1988, Physical characterization of the herpes simplex virus latency-associated transcript in neurons, J. Virol. 62: 1194–1202.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, H. S., 1977, Dementia of old age, in: Aging and Dementia ( W. L. S. Smith and M. Kinsbourne, eds.), Spectrum Publications, New York, pp. 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warren, K. G., Wroblewska, Z., Okabe, H., Brown, S. M., Gilden, D. H., Koprowski, H., Rorke, L. B., Subak-Sharpe, J., and Yonezawa, T, 1978, Virology and histopathology of the trigeminal ganglia of Americans and Japanese, Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 5: 425–430.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whitley, R. J., 1985, Epidemiology of herpes simplex viruses, in: The Herpesviruses, Volume 3 ( B. Roizman, ed.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 1–44.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Plenum Publishing Corporation

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Deatly, A.M., Haase, A.T., Ball, M.J. (1991). Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Transcription during Latent Infections of Mouse and Man. In: Kurstak, E. (eds) Psychiatry and Biological Factors. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5811-4_25

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5811-4_25

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5813-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5811-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics