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Immunoneurology: A Serum Protein Afferent Limb to the CNS

  • Chapter
Circulating Regulatory Factors and Neuroendocrine Function

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 274))

Abstract

The burgeoning field of neuroimmunology currently emphasizes a brain-immune link represented by hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, cytokines (1) and other substances of the CNS which are shared in common with the immune system and can act either directly or indirectly on components of the immune system or their target tissues. This concept essentially depicts the CNS as having an efferent outflow of active principles to a variety of peripheral structures. Another concept of potential importance in the maintenance of a homeostatic brain-immune interaction is that of immunoneurology, whereby principles derived from peripheral sources feed back onto the CNS. In this sense, immune cells, their products and other related substances can be transported from their source via the blood stream to the CNS wherein they may access the internal milieu and can, therefore, be considered afferent to the CNS. This review describes studies on transport of immunogammaglobulins (IgG) and albumins into the CNS of rat, rabbit and guinea pig using several techniques: immunocytochemistry (ICC), colchicine administration, active immunization, induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), radioisotope labeling, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), rocket Immunoelectrophoresis and an in situ vascular brain perfusion method. Results from these studies reveal that serum albumin and globulin can enter the brain via several routes including that of active neuronal uptake by nerve endings, and subsequent transport to their cell bodies of origin via retrograde transport. These compounds may also enter the brain at circumventricular regions wherein functional leaks occur. Finally, there appears to be a saturable transport mechanism for IgG that is used to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and gain direct entry into the CNS.

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Author notes

  1. Gajanan Nilaver

    Present address: Departments of Neurology and Cell Biology and Anatomy, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA

  2. Berislav V. Zlokovič

    Present address: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75235-9040, USA

    Gerald P. Kozlowski, Gajanan Nilaver & Berislav V. Zlokovič

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  1. Gerald P. Kozlowski
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA

    John C. Porter

  2. Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia

    Daniela Ježová

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© 1990 Plenum Press, New York

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Kozlowski, G.P., Nilaver, G., Zlokovič, B.V. (1990). Immunoneurology: A Serum Protein Afferent Limb to the CNS. In: Porter, J.C., Ježová, D. (eds) Circulating Regulatory Factors and Neuroendocrine Function. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 274. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5799-5_22

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