Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Erosion of Kindled Epileptogenesis and Kindling-Induced Long-Term Seizure Suppressive Effect in Primates

  • Chapter
Kindling 4

Part of the book series: Advances in Behavioral Biology ((ABBI,volume 37))

Abstract

Repeated electrical stimulation of the brain can result in the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures in dogs, cats and rats (10, 49, 51) or status epilepticus in dogs and cats (1, 49). In primates, Delgado (7) found that repeated electrical brain stimulation results in a lasting change in the EEG signature of induced seizure. Subsequently, the critical conditions necessary for progressive changes induced by repeated electrical brain stimulation were identified by Goddard who baptized it “the kindling phenomenon” (15, 16). His original studies were primarily in rodents, but he was the first to extend the observation to primates, with the specific intention of verifying the validity of the kindling phenomenon across the species. Although considerable difficulty was encountered in identifying the optimal parameters of stimulation, and despite considerable variation in the results obtained, he was able to conclude that unilateral or bilateral clonic seizure can be induced after six months of stimulation„ Furthermore, once established, a rest interval of eight weeks did not weaken the kindled response in the rhesus monkey. In the meantime, spontaneous seizure development was being documented in nonepileptic patients who underwent either a series of ECTs (33), or prolonged intracerebral electrical stimulation (24, 35). All these findings strongly suggest that, in response to repeated electrical brain stimulation, the progressive development and acquisition of lasting seizure suceptibility which culminate in the emission of spontaneous seizures are the likely biological principles operating in all mammalian species, including man.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alonso-De Florida, F. & Delgado, J.M.R. (1958) Lasting behavioural and EEG changes in cat induced by prolonged stimulation of the amygdala. Am. J. Physiol. 193: 223–229

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Baba, H., Ono, K. & Wsta, J.A. (1987) Transcallosal response in the chronic baboon preparation, Papio papio. II. Effect of premotor cortical kindling. E ectroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 67 /6: 564–569

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Baba, H., Sakai, S. & Wada, J.A. (1986) Premotor (area 6) cortical kindling. IN: KINDLING 3, J.A. Wada (Ed). Raven Press, NY, pp 447–469

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cherlow, D.G., Dymond, A.M., Crandall, P.H., Walter, R.D. & Serafetinides, E.A. (1977) Evoked response and afterdischarge thresholds to electrical stimulation in temporal lobe epilepsy. Arch. Neurol. 34: 527–531

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Corcoran, M.E., Cain, D.P. & Wada, J.A. (1984) Amygdaloid kindling in Papio cynocephalus and subsequent recurrent spontaneous seizures. Folia Psychiat. et Neurol. Jpn. 38 /2: 151–158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. deJonge, M. & Racine, R.J. (1987) The development and decay of kindling-induced increases in paired-pulse depression in the dentate gyrus. Br. Res. 412:318–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Delgado, J.M.R. (1959)TP7nged stimulation of brain in awake monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 22:458–475

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dragunow, M. & Robertson, H.A. (1987) Kindling stimulation induces c-fos protein(s) in granule cells of the rat dentate gyrus. Nature 329: 441–442

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Dragunow, M., Robertson, H.A. & Robertson, G.S. (1988) Amygdala kindling and c-fos portein(s). Exp. Neurol. 102: 261–263

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Engel, J.Jr., Rausch, R., Lieb, J.P., Kuhl, D.E. & Crandall, P.H. (1981) Correlation of criteria used for localizing epileptic foci in patients considered for surgical therapy of epilepsy. Ann. Neurol. 9: 215–224

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Essig, C.F., Grose, M.E. & Williamson, E.L. (1961) Reversible elevation of electroconvulsive threshold and occurrence of spontaneous convulsions upon repeated electrical stimulation of the cat brain. Exp. Neurol. 4: 37–47

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Funabashi, T., Sasaki, H. & Kimura, F. (1988) Intraventricular injection of antiserum to nerve growth factor delays the development of amygdaloid kindling Br. Res. 458: 132–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gall, C.M. & Jackson, P.J. (1989) Limbic seizures increase neuronal production of messenger RNA for nerve growth factor. Science 245: 758–761

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Geinisman, Y., Morrell, F. & de Toledo-Morrell, L. (1988) Remodelling of synaptic architecture during hippocampal ‘kindling’. Proc. Nat’l. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 3260–3264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Goddard, G.V. (1967) Development of epileptic seizures through brain stimulation at low intensity. Nature 214:1020–1021

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Goddard, G.V., McIntyre, D.C. & Leech, C.K. (1969) A permanent change in brain function resulting from daily electrical stimulation. Exp. Neurol. 25: 295–330

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Goddarc. V., Dragunow, M., Maru, E. & MacLeod, E.K. (1986) Kindling and the forces that oppose it. IN: The Limbic System: Functional Organization and Clinical Disorders B.K. Doane & K.E. Livingston ( FdsYRaven Press, NY pp 95–108

    Google Scholar 

  18. Goldensohn, E.S. (1984) The relevance of secondary epileptogenesis to the treatment of epilepsy: Kindling and the mirror focus. Epilepsia 25: 5156–5168

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hiyoshi, T. & Wada, J.A. Feline amygdaloid kindling and the sleep-waking pattern: Observations on daily 22-hour polygraphic recording. Epilepsia (In apress).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hiyoshi, T. & Wada, J.A.. Failure of nine-month phenobarbital administration to reverse amygdaloid kindled seizure susceptibility in cats. (Submitted)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lowrie, M.B. & Ettlinger, G. (1980) The development of independent secondary “mirror” discharge in the monkey: failure to replicate earlier findings. Epilepsia 21: 25–30

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Mayersdorf, A. & Schmidt, R.P. (1982) Secondary Epileptogenesis Raven Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  23. McIntyre, D.C. & Goddard, G.V. (1973) Transfer, interference and spontaneous recovery of convulsions kindled from the rat amygdala. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 35: 533–543

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Monroe, R.R. (1970) Episodic behavioural disorders: A psycho-dynamic and neurophysiologic analysis. Harvard University Press, C-LiTEridge, Mass pp. 76–77

    Google Scholar 

  25. Morita, K., Okamoto, M., Seki, K. & Wada, J.A. (1985) Suppression of amygdala -kindled seizure in cats by enhanced GABAergic transmission in the substantia Innaminata. Exp. Neurol. 89: 225–236

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Mori, N. & Wada, J.A. (1989) Suppression of amygdaloid kindled convulsion following unilateral injection of 2-amino-7phosphone-heptanoic acid (2LAPH) into the substantia innominata. Br. Res. 486: 141–146

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Morgan, J.I., Cohen, D.R., Hempstead, J.L. & Curran, T. (1987) Mapping patterns of c-fos expression in the central nervous system after seizures. Science 237: 192–197

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Morrell, F. (1985) Secondary epitogenesis in man. Arch. Neurol. 42: 318–335

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Morrell, F. (1989) Varieties of human secondary epileptogenesis. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 6: 227–275

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Morrell, F., Wada, J.A., & Engel, J.Jr. (1987) Potential relevance of kindling and secondary epileptogenesis to the consideration of surgical treatment for epilepsy. IN: Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies J. Engel, Jr. ( Ed) Raven Press, NY pp 701–707

    Google Scholar 

  31. Okamoto, M. & Wada, J.A. (1984) Reversible suppression of amygdaloid kindled seizures following unilateral gabaculine injection into the substantia nigra. Br. Res. 305: 389–392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Represa, A., Le Gal La Salle, G. & Ben-Ari, Y. (1989) Hippocampal plasticity in the kindling model of epilepsy in rats. Neurosci. Letts. 99: 345–350

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sato, M. & Wada, J.A. (1975) Review on the kindling preparation: A new experimental model of epilepsy. Brain & Nerve 27: 257–273

    Google Scholar 

  34. Seino, M. & Wada, J.A. (1964) Chronic focal cortical epileptogenic lesion and behaviour: Comparison of behavioural performance in monkeys with either epileptogenic or ablatic unilateral lesion. Epilepsia 5: 321–333

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Sranka, M., Sedlack, P., & Nadvornik, P. (1977) Observation of the kindling phenomenon in treatment of pain by stimulation in the thalamus. IN: Neurosurgical Treatment in Psychiatry, Pain & Epilepsy. W.H. Sweet, S. Obrador & J.G. Martin-Rodriguez (Eds), University Park Press, Baltimore pp. 651–654

    Google Scholar 

  36. Sutula, T., Xiao-Xian, H., Cavazos, J. & Scott, G. (1988) Synaptic reorganization in the hippocampus induced by abnormal functional activity. Science 239: 1147–1150

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Uemura, S. & Wada, J.A. (1981) Seizure predisposition and species. Epilepsia 22: 232

    Google Scholar 

  38. Wada, J.A. (1977) Pharmacological prophylaxis in the kindling model of epilepsy. Arch. Neurol. 34:389–395

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Wada, J.A. & Mizoguchi, T. (1984) Limbic kindling in the forebrain-bisected photosensitive baboon, Papio papio. Epilepsia 25 /3: 278–287

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Wada, J.A., Mizoguchi, T., & Kcmai, S. (1981) Cortical motor activation in amygdaloid kindling: Observations in nonepileptic rhesus monkeys with anterior 2/3 callosal bisection. IN: KINDLING 2, J.A. Wada (Ed) Raven Press, NY, pp 235–248

    Google Scholar 

  41. Wada, J.A., Sato, M. & Corcoran, M.E. (1974) Persistent seizure susceptibility and recurrent spontaneous seizures in kindled cats. Epilepsia 15: 465–478

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Wada, J.A., Mizoguchi, T. & Osawa, T. (1978) Secondary generalized convulsive seizures induced by daily amygdaloid stimulation in the rhesus monkey. Neurology 28: 1026–1036

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Wada, J.A., Mizoguchi, T. & Kornai, S. (1985) Epileptogenesis in the orbital and mesial frontal cortical area of the subhuman primate. Epilepsia 26: 472–479

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Wada, J.A. & Okamoto, M. (1986) The differential role of mesial and lateral frontal cortices in amygdaloid kindling and kindled seizures in Senegalese baboons, Papio papio. IN: KINDLING 3, J.A. Wada (Ed). Raven Press, NY, pp 409–428

    Google Scholar 

  45. Wada, J.A. & Osawa, T. (1976) The generalized convulsive seizure state induced by daily electrical amygdaloid stimulation in Senegalese baboons, Papio papío. Neurology 26: 273–286

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Wada, J.A., Osawa, T. & Mizoguchi, T. (1975) Recurrent spontaneous seizure state induced by prefrontal kindling in the Senegalese baboon, Papio papio. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 2: 477–495

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Wada, J.A. & Sato, M. (1974) Generalized connsive seizures induced by electrical stimulation of the amygdala in cats: Correlative electrographic and behavioural features. Neurology 24: 565–574

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Wada, J.A., Sato, M., Wake, A., Green, J.R. & Troupin, A.S. (1976) Prophylactic effects of phenytoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine examined in kindling cat preparations. Arch. Neurol. 33: 426–434

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Watanabe, E. (1936) Experimental study on pathogenesis of epileptic convulsive seizures. Psychiat. et Neurol. Jpn. 40: 1–36

    Google Scholar 

  50. Wilder, B.J. (1972) Projection phenomena and secondary epileptogenesis mirror foci. IN: Experimental Models of Epilepsy. D. Purpura, et al. ( Fels) Raven Press, New York. Pp 85–112

    Google Scholar 

  51. Wurz, R.H. & Olds, J. (1963) Amygdaloid stimulation and operant reinforcement in the rat. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 56: 941–949

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Divisions of Neurosciences and Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, V6T 2A1

    Juhn A. Wada

Authors
  1. Juhn A. Wada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Neurosciences and Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Juhn A. Wada

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wada, J.A. (1990). Erosion of Kindled Epileptogenesis and Kindling-Induced Long-Term Seizure Suppressive Effect in Primates. In: Wada, J.A. (eds) Kindling 4. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 37. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5796-4_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5796-4_28

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5798-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5796-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation