Skip to main content

A Biological Data Base for Methylene Chloride Risk Assessment

  • Chapter
Biologically Based Methods for Cancer Risk Assessment

Abstract

Methylene chloride is used extensively in industry and in a variety of consumer products. Its solvent properties and volatility have led to its use in paint strippers, in aerosol preparations, and in the decaffeination of coffee in addition to a wide range of industrial applications. Methylene chloride has low acute toxicity, its metabolism to carbon monoxide and the formation of carboxyhaemoglobin being the basis of current occupational exposed limits.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andrae, U., and Wolff, T., 1983, Dichloromethane is not genotoxic in isolated hepatocytes, Arch. Toxicol., 52: 287.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, A. E., and Anders, M. W., 1976, Metabolism of dihalomethanes to formaldehyde and inorganic chloride, Drug Met., and Dispos., 4: 357.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, A. E., and Anders, M. W., 1978, Metabolism of dihalomethanes to formaldehyde and inorganic halide. II. Studies on the mechanism of the reaction, Biochem. Pharmacol., 27: 2021.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, M. E., Clewell, H. J., Gargas, M. L., Smith, F. A., and Reitz R. H., 1987, Physiologically based pharmacokinetics and the risk assessment process for methylene chloride, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 87: 185.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashby, J., and Trueman, R. W., 1987, Lack of UDS activity in the livers of mice and rats exposed to dichloromethane, Environ. Mutagen., 10: 189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, M. R., 1980, Biochemical mechanisms of chemical-induced lung injury: roles of metabolic activation, Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 7: 103.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burek, J. D., Nitschke, K. D., Bell, T. J., Wackerle, D. L., Childs, R. C., Beyer, J. E., Dittenber, D. A., Rampy, L. W., and McKenna, M. J., 1984, Methylene chloride: A two year inhalation toxicity and oncogenicity study in rats and hamsters, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 4: 30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Callen, D. F., Wolff, C. R., and Philpot, R. M., 1980, Cytochrome P-450 mediated genetic activity and cytotoxicity of seven halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mut. Res., 77: 55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forkert, P. G., and Reynolds, E. S., 1982, 1,1-Dichloroethylene induced pulmonary injury, ExpH. Lung Res., 3: 57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forkert, P. G., Silvestre, P. L., and Polard, J. S., 1985, Lung injury induced by trichloroethylene. Toxicol., 35: 143.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gargas, M. L., Clewell, H. J., and Anderson, M. E., 1986, Metabolism of inhaled dihalomethanes in vivo: differentation of kinetic constants for two independent pathways, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 82: 211.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gocke, E., King, M. T., Eckhardt, K., and Wild, D., 1981, Mutagenicity of cosmetics ingredients licensed by the European Communities, Mut. Res., 90: 91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, T., 1983, The metabolic activation of dichloromethane and chlorofluoromethane in a bacterial mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium, Mut. Res., 118: 227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, T., Provan, W. M., Collinge, D. C., and Guest, A. E., 1988, Macromolecular interactions of inhaled methylene chloride in rats and mice, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 93: 1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jongen, W. M. F., Alink, G. M., and Koeman, J. H., 1978, Mutagenic effect of dichloromethane on Salmonella typhimurium, Mut. Res., 56: 245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jongen, W. M. F., Lohman, P. H. M., Kottenhagen, M. J., Alink, G. M., Berends, F., and Koeman, J. H., 1981, Mutagenicity testing of dichloromethane in short-term mammalian test sytems, Mut. Res., 81: 203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jongen, W. M. F., Harmsen, E. G. M., Alink, G. M., and Koeman, J. H., 1982, The effect of glutathione conjugation and microsomal oxidation on the mutagenicity of dichloromethane in Salmonella typhimurium, Mut. Res., 95: 183.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kramers, P. G. N., Mout, H. K. A., Mulder, C. R., 1983, Mutagenitiet van dihalogeenalkanen by Drosophila melanogaster, Annual Report National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Hygiene, The Netherlands, 169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krijgsheld, K. R., Lowe, M. C., Minnaugh, E. G., Trush, M. A., Ginsburg, E., and Gram, T. E., 1983, Lung-selective impairment of cytochrome P-450 dependent mono-oxygenases and cellular injury by l,ldichloroethylene in mice, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 110: 675.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirwin, C. J., and Thomas, W. C., 1980, In vitro microbiological mutagenicity studies of hydrocarbon propellants, J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 31: 367.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubic, V. L., and Anders, M. W., 1975, Metabolism of dihalomethanes to carbon monoxide. II. In vitro studies on the mechanism of the reaction, Biochem. Pharmacol., 27: 2349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kubic, V. L., and Anders, M. W., 1978, Metabolism of dihalomethanes to carbon monoxide. III. Studies on the mechanism of the reaction, Biochem. Pharmacol., 27: 2349.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maltoni, C., Cotti, G., and Perino, G., 1986. Experimental research on methylene chloride carcinogenesis. Archives of research on industrial carcinogens, Vol. IV. C. Maltoni and M. A. Mehlman eds. Princeton Scientific Publishing Co. Princeton.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenna, M. J., and Zempel, J. A., 1981, The dose-dependent metabolism of [14C].methylene chloride following oral administration to rats, Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 19: 73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neely, W. B., 1964, Metabolic rate of formaldehyde 14C intraperitoneally administered to the rat, Biochem. Pharmacol., 13: 1964.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nestmann, E., and Kowbel, D. J., 1980, Mutagenicity of paint-removing products detected in a modified Salmonella/mammalian assay [Abstract], Canad. J. Genet. Cytol., 22: 673.

    Google Scholar 

  • NTP (1986-Jan), NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of dichloromethane in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice, NTP TR 306, Final Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osterman-Golkar, S., Hussain, S., Walles, S., Anderstam, B., and Sigvardsson, K., 1983, Chemical reactivity and mutagenicity of some dihalomethanes, Chem-Biol. Interactions, 46: 121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perocco, P., and Prodi, G., 1981, DNA damage by haloalkanes in human lymphocytes cultured in vitro, Cancer Lett., 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riley, E. C., Fassett, D. W., and Sutton, W. L., 1966, Methylene choride vapour in expired air of human subjects, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 27: 341.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Serota, D. G., Thakur, A. K., Ulland, B. M., Kirschman, J. C., Brown, N. M., Coots, R. H., and Morgareidge, K., 1986b. A two year drinking-water study of dichloromethane in rodents, II. Mice, Fd. Chem. Toxicol., 24: 959.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, T., Richardson, C. R., and Elliott, B. M., 1987, Inactivity of methylene chloride in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay, Mutagenesis., 2: 57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simmon, V. F., Kauhanen, K., and Tardif f, R. G., 1977, Mutagenic activity of chemicals identified in drinking water. In: Scott, D., Bridges, B. A., Sobels, F. H., eds, Progress in genetic toxicology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, R. D., Fisher, T. N., Hasto, M. J., and Peterson, J. E., Baretta, E. D., and Dodd, H. C., 1972. Carboxyhaemoglobin elevation after exposure to dichloromethane, Science, 176: 295.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thilager, A. K., Back, A. M., Kirby, P. E., Kumaroo, V., Pant, K. J., Clarke, J. J., Knight, R., and Haworth, S. R., 1984, Evaluation of dichloromethane in short-term in vitro genetic toxicity assays, Environ. Mutagenesis., 6: 418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thilager, A. K., and Kumaroo, V., 1983. Induction of chromosomes damage by methylene chloride in CHO cells, Mut. Res., 116: 361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Green, T. (1989). A Biological Data Base for Methylene Chloride Risk Assessment. In: Travis, C.C. (eds) Biologically Based Methods for Cancer Risk Assessment. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5625-7_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5625-7_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4684-5627-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4684-5625-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics